中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2729-2737.doi: 10.12307/2023.402

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动干预调控胰岛素样生长因子1改善海马认知功能的作用机制

彭子富,郭项英,房洪波,何亦敏,姜  宁   

  1. 天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室运动与健康研究院,天津市  301617
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-21 接受日期:2022-06-29 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 姜宁,博士,副教授,天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室运动与健康研究院,天津市 301617
  • 作者简介:彭子富,男,1996年生,河北省人,汉族,天津体育学院在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31370021),项目负责人:姜宁

Exercise intervention improves hippocampal cognitive function by regulating insulin-like growth factor 1

Peng Zifu, Guo Xiangying, Fang Hongbo, He Yimin, Jiang Ning   

  1. Institute of Sports and Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2022-05-21 Accepted:2022-06-29 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Jiang Ning, PhD, Associate professor, Institute of Sports and Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • About author:Peng Zifu, Master candidate, Institute of Sports and Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 31370021 (to JN)

摘要:


文题释义:

胰岛素样生长因子1:属于胰岛素样生长因子家族的一员,广泛表达于中枢神经系统,参与神经系统的增殖、分化和神经功能的调控,对维持海马的正常功能具有重要作用。
认知功能:是人脑接受外界信息,经过加工处理转换为内在的心理活动,从而获得知识或应用知识的过程。它包括记忆、语言、视空间、执行、计算和理解判断等方面。海马是承载机体认知功能的重要脑区,与机体学习能力、记忆力和情感调节密切相关。

背景:在神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病中经常伴随着海马认知障碍的情况,这将严重影响患者的生活质量。大量研究证实,运动可以对神经可塑性以及认知功能产生益处,在这些过程中,胰岛素样生长因子1均扮演着重要角色,但关于运动通过调控胰岛素样生长因子1改善海马认知功能的研究缺乏系统和全面的认识。
目的:总结运动调控胰岛素样生长因子1改变海马认知功能的过程,探讨运动调控胰岛素样生长因子1改善海马认知功能的作用机制。
方法:由第一作者在Elsevier、Web of Science及PubMed数据库中,以“exercise,physical exercise,IGF-1,insulin like growth factor 1,hippocampal cognitive function,cognitive neuroscience,apoptosis,synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,cerebral inflammation”为英文检索词检索;在中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库中,以“运动、体育锻炼、胰岛素样生长因子1、海马认知功能、认知神经科学、细胞凋亡、突触可塑性、神经发生、大脑炎症”为中文检索词进行检索,检索截止至2022年5月,查询运动干预调控胰岛素样生长因子1改善海马认知功能的相关研究,最终纳入76篇进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①运动可通过调控胰岛素样生长因子1的表达改善海马的认知功能,其相关机制包括:运动通过调控胰岛素样生长因子1抑制海马神经细胞凋亡、提高海马突触可塑性、促进海马神经发生、抑制大脑炎症的发生发展、改善海马的认知功能。②有氧运动和抗阻运动均对胰岛素样生长因子1的表达具有一定的调控作用,并且两者对胰岛素样生长因子1的调控均受到运动强度、运动时间以及受试者性别等多方面因素的影响。③对于有氧运动而言,进行短期的中等强度运动或急性高强度运动即可显著改变胰岛素样生长因子1的表达。④对于抗阻运动而言,短期的中等强度抗阻运动或高强度抗阻运动才能对胰岛素样生长因子1的表达产生明显影响。⑤考虑到阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍等神经退行性病患者多发生于老年人,而老年人进行抗阻运动的难度较大且容易发生运动损伤,所以尽量采取有氧运动改善其海马认知功能。⑥目前关于运动调控胰岛素样生长因子1改善海马认知功能的机制研究多为动物实验,临床研究相对较少,且缺少制定运动方案的确切方法。因此,关于此方面的研究仍需不断深入,这将为运动改善神经退行性病患者的认知功能提供更多的理论依据。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-6044(彭子富);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-9570(姜宁)

关键词: 运动, 胰岛素样生长因子1, 海马, 学习能力, 认知功能, 神经营养因子, 记忆功能, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, hippocampal cognitive impairment is often accompanied, which will seriously impact the quality of life of patients. A large number of studies have confirmed that exercise can benefit neural plasticity and cognitive function. In these processes, insulin-like growth factor-1 plays an important role. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive understanding on the improvement of hippocampal cognitive function by exercise regulating insulin-like growth factor-1.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the process in which exercise improves hippocampal cognitive function by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and to explore the relevant mechanism.
METHODS: The first author searched the Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang databases with “exercise, physical exercise, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1, hippocampal cognitive function, cognitive neuroscience, apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, cerebral inflammation” as English and Chinese keywords. The search time was up to May 2022. Relevant studies on exercise intervention and regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 to improve hippocampal cognitive function were retrieved and 76 articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise can improve hippocampal cognitive function by regulating the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. The related mechanisms include: (1) Exercise inhibits apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity, increases hippocampal neurogenesis,  inhibit the occurrence and development of brain inflammation, and  improves hippocampal cognitive function  by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1. (2) Both aerobic and resistance exercises have certainly regulatory effects on the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1. However, their regulatory effects are disturbed by various factors, such as exercise intensity, exercise time, and sex of subjects. (3) For aerobic exercise, short-term moderate-intensity exercise or acute high-intensity exercise can significantly change the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. For resistance exercise, only short-term moderate-intensity resistance exercise or high-intensity resistance exercise can significantly influence the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. (5) Considering that neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment mostly occur in the elderly who are more difficult to carry out resistance exercise and prone to sports injury, aerobic exercise is preferred to improve their hippocampal cognitive function. (6) Most studies on the mechanism by which exercise regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 expression to improve hippocampal cognitive function are animal experiments and there are relatively few clinical studies and a lack of exact methods to formulate exercise programs. Therefore, the research on this aspect still needs to be further studied, which will provide more theoretical basis for exercise to improve the cognitive function of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. 

Key words: exercise, insulin-like growth factor 1, hippocampus, learning ability, cognitive function, neurotrophic factor, memory function, review

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