中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5297-5302.doi: 10.12307/2022.749

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

单髁关节置换前静脉应用地塞米松对置换后患者疼痛及并发症的影响

王振恒,王治栋,刘乃澄,陈广东,高懋峰,施卫东,朱若夫   

  1. 苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市   215006
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-04 接受日期:2021-12-31 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 朱若夫,医学博士,主任医师,教授,苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市 215006
  • 作者简介:王振恒,男,1987年生,江苏省徐州市人,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事骨关节疾病的基础及临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81802223),项目负责人:王振恒

Effect of intravenous dexamethasone preoperatively on pain and complications after unicondylar arthroplasty

Wang Zhenheng, Wang Zhidong, Liu Naicheng, Chen Guangdong, Gao Maofeng, Shi Weidong, Zhu Ruofu   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-04 Accepted:2021-12-31 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-30
  • Contact: Zhu Ruofu, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Wang Zhenheng, Attending physician, MD, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81802223 (to WZH)

摘要:

文题释义:
膝关节单髁置换:是目前治疗单间室膝关节骨性关节炎的重要手术方式,是一种关节表面修复手术,仅通过微创小切口对病变的膝关节间室进行修复和假体替代,同时保留未受关节炎影响的间室以及交叉韧带等膝关节结构,手术创伤相较于全膝关节置换显著减小,充分保留了膝关节骨量,患者术后恢复更快、满意度更高。
目测类比评分量表:疼痛评估是疼痛治疗的前提,目测类比评分量表是目前临床上对疼痛进行评估最常用的方法之一,其评估方法是使用一条没有任何分割的直线作为视觉模拟标尺,横线的一端为0,表示无痛;另一端为10,表示剧痛;中间部分表示不同程度的疼痛。让患者根据自我感觉在横线上划一记号,表示疼痛程度,分值越高疼痛程度越重。

背景:目前地塞米松在髋、膝关节置换手术中获得了较为广泛的应用,发挥了减少术后疼痛和恶心呕吐及加速患者康复的作用,但国内外对于术前静脉应用地塞米松对膝关节单髁置换后患者的影响尚未见相关报道。
目的:探讨术前静脉应用地塞米松对单髁置换后患者的影响。
方法:纳入苏州大学附属第一医院骨科2020年1月至2021年5月收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者,均接受膝关节单髁置换治疗,按照随机数字表法分2组,试验组(n=35)膝关节单髁置换治疗切皮前静脉注射地塞米松8 mg,对照组(n=34)膝关节单髁置换治疗切皮前静脉注射等量的生理盐水。术前及术后第1,2,3天,评估患者休息与行走时的目测类比评分;记录患者术后对应时间点恶心呕吐发生次数;检测患者术前及术后第1,3天的白细胞计数及C-反应蛋白值;术后随访3个月,记录切口感染、假体周围感染及消化道溃疡出血等并发症发生情况。
结果与结论:①试验组患者术后第1,2天行走及术后第1天休息的目测类比评分均低于对照组(P < 0.05);②试验组患者术后0-6 h,6-24 h的恶心呕吐发生率低于对照组(P < 0.05);③试验组术后第1天的白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白值低于对照组(P < 0.05);④术后随访3个月,两组患者均未发现切口感染、假体周围感染及消化道溃疡出血等并发症;⑤结果提示,膝关节单髁置换前静脉注射地塞米松,可有效缓解单髁置换后患者早期疼痛、减少术后恶心呕吐的发生、抑制早期炎症反应,有利于患者康复。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-9139 (王振恒) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 单髁置换, 人工关节, 地塞米松, 糖皮质激素, 术后恶心呕吐, 术后疼痛, 围术期, 静脉注射

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, dexamethasone is widely used in hip and knee arthroplasties to reduce postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and speed up the recovery of patients. However, domestic and foreign studies on the role of dexamethasone in the perioperative period of unicondylar arthroplasty have not been reported. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intravenous dexamethasone on the perioperative period of unicondylar arthroplasty.   
METHODS: Sixty-nine knee osteoarthritis patients who underwent primary unicondylar arthroplasty in Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2020 to May 2021 were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the trial group (n=35) were given dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously before skin incision. Patients in the control group (n=34) were given an equal volume of normal saline intravenously. Before surgery and 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery, the visual analogue scale scores of the patients at rest and walking were evaluated; the occurrences of nausea and vomiting at the corresponding time points after the surgery were recorded. Before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value were detected. The postoperative follow-up was conducted for 3 months to record the presence of complications such as wound infection, joint prosthesis infection, peptic ulcer bleeding and so on. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The visual analogue scale scores of pain in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group when walking on the 1st and 2nd day after the operation and resting on the 1st day after the operation (P < 0.05). (2) The incidence of nausea and vomiting at 0-6 and 6-24 hours after operation was significantly lower in the trial group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value were significantly lower in the trial group than those of the control group on the 1st postoperative day (P < 0.05). (4) The patients in the two groups were followed up for 3 months without complications such as wound infection, joint prosthesis infection, or peptic ulcer bleeding. (5) The results suggest that intravenous injection of dexamethasone used during unicondylar arthroplasty can effectively relieve early postoperative pain, reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, inhibit early inflammation, and is beneficial for patient recovery. 

Key words: unicondylar arthroplasty, artificial joint, dexamethasone, glucocorticoid, postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative pain, perioperative period, intravenous injection

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