中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1843-1848.doi: 10.12307/2022.505

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

单髁置换股骨假体不同放置位置的生物力学效应

马鹏程1,张思平1,孙荣鑫2,柴  浩1,姜  侃1   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第六附属医院关节外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;2成都市第二人民医院骨科,四川省成都市   610000
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-29 修回日期:2021-07-30 接受日期:2021-09-04 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2021-12-14
  • 通讯作者: 姜侃,男,主任医师,副教授,新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:马鹏程,男,1996年生,河北省石家庄市人,回族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节损伤研究。 张思平,男,1995年生,湖北省恩施土家族自治州人,土家族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节损伤研究。

Biomechanical effects of different placement of femoral prosthesis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Ma Pengcheng1, Zhang Siping1, Sun Rongxin2, Chai Hao1, Jiang Kan1   

  1. 1Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2021-07-29 Revised:2021-07-30 Accepted:2021-09-04 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2021-12-14
  • Contact: Jiang Kan, Chief physician, Associate professor, Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China
  • About author:Ma Pengcheng, Master candidate, Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China Zhang Siping, Master candidate, Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China Ma Pengcheng and Zhang Siping contributed equally to this article.

摘要:

文题释义:
单髁置换:是膝骨关节炎的手术治疗方式之一,应用于仅有单一间室病变的膝骨关节炎,其原理是利用人造的单髁假体替代病变间室的股骨和胫骨关节面,保留健侧间室和大多数固有软组织,从根本上阻断关节炎进展,最终达到缓解关节疼痛、恢复关节功能的目的。
有限元分析:是一种基于计算机技术的以单元结果反映总体结果的工程分析手段,通过建立三维模型并进行材料参数赋值,可以得到对真实物理系统具有良好代表性的数字化模型。该方法应用于医学研究已有数十年,拥有可以直接得到应力大小和分布情况的优点,是医学生物力学研究的有效方法。

背景:单髁置换手术的高翻修率是亟待解决的问题,翻修原因多为假体松动、聚乙烯磨损和健侧间室关节炎进展等术后并发症,而上述并发症与假体对位不良引起的关节内应力异常密切相关。
目的:研究内侧固定平台单髁置换过程中股骨假体不同内外翻角度对聚乙烯上表面、外侧间室软骨表面及胫骨假体下松质骨表面应力大小和分布的影响。
方法:利用放射学技术和三维扫描技术获得膝关节和单髁假体的数字化影像,通过mimics、Ansys workbench等软件建立正常膝关节模型并验证其有效性。在Ansys workbench软件中模拟单髁置换手术,将假体进行适当定位,并改变股骨假体位置,建立股骨假体内、外翻0°,3°,6°,9°,12°共9种工况,观察各工况中聚乙烯上表面、外侧间室软骨表面及胫骨假体下松质骨表面应力大小和分布的变化规律。
结果与结论:①在膝关节伸直位静态载荷下,聚乙烯上表面的应力随假体内外翻角度的增大而增大,外翻时的增幅更大;聚乙烯上表面的应力分布在内翻时向内移,在外翻时向外移;②外侧间室软骨表面的应力在内翻时增大、外翻时减小;③胫骨假体下松质骨表面的应力集中在沟槽中,内外翻时应力均增大,外翻时的增幅更大;④从内翻到外翻的过程中载荷逐渐向内侧间室转移;⑤各结构中聚乙烯上表面的应力最大,其中股骨假体内、外翻≥ 6°的应力值显著高于标准位置(内、外翻0°)。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-8484 (马鹏程);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-1758 (张思平)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝, 关节成形, 单髁置换, 假体安装, 生物力学, 应力, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of the revision causes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are postoperative complications, such as prosthesis loosening, polyethylene wear and progression of uninvolved compartment arthritis, which are linked to the abnormal intra-articular stress caused by the malposition of the prosthesis.  
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of different positions of the femoral prosthesis on the stress magnitude and distribution of polyethylene surface, articular cartilage surface, and cancellous bone surface during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:  The digital image of the knee joint and prosthesis was obtained using radiological technologies and three-dimensional scanning techniques. A normal knee model was developed and validated using mimics and Ansys workbench software. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was simulated in Ansys Workbench software. The prosthesis was positioned appropriately and the femoral prosthesis was requisitioned. Nine working conditions were established at the 0°, 3°, 6°, 9°, and 12° of femoral prosthesis varus and valgus to observe the changes in stress and distribution of polyethylene surface, articular cartilage surface and cancellous bone surface in each model.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress on the upper surface of polyethylene increased with the increase of the valgus and varus angle in the prosthesis under static load of knee joint extension, and the increase range was large during valgus. The stress distribution on the upper surface of polyethylene shifts was inward during varus and outward during valgus. (2) The stress on the articular cartilage surface increased during varus and decreased during valgus. (3) The stress on the surface of cancellous bone was concentrated in the grooves, and the stress was increased during valgus and varus, and greater during valgus. (4) As move from varus to valgus, the load shifted to the medial side of the knee. (5) Among all the structures, the stress on the upper surface of polyethylene prosthesis was the highest, and the stress value at ≥6° of valgus and valgus of femoral prosthesis was significantly higher than that at the standard position (0° valgus and valgus).

Key words: knee, arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, prosthesis fitting, biomechanics, stress, finite element analysis

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