中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (15): 2312-2316.doi: 10.12307/2022.582

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

3D截骨导板在合并股骨畸形膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节置换中的应用

刘发泰1,杨进顺2,钟伟斌1   

  1. 1广州医科大学附属第五医院脊柱外科,广州市加速康复腹部外科重点实验室,广东省广州市   510700;2广州医科大学附属第三医院,广东省广州市   510140
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-02 修回日期:2021-09-14 接受日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2022-05-28 发布日期:2022-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘发泰,主治医师,广州医科大学附属第五医院脊柱外科,广州市加速康复腹部外科重点实验室,广东省广州市 510700
  • 作者简介:刘发泰,男,1991年生,广东省韶关市人,汉族,2017年广州医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨关节炎方面的研究。

Application of three-dimensional printed osteotomy guide plate in knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients with concomitant femoral deformity

Liu Fatai1, Yang Jinshun2, Zhong Weibin1   

  1. 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Abdominal Surgery for Accelerated Rehabilitation, Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China; 2the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-02 Revised:2021-09-14 Accepted:2021-10-21 Online:2022-05-28 Published:2022-01-05
  • Contact: Liu Fatai, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Abdominal Surgery for Accelerated Rehabilitation, Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Fatai, Master, Attending physician, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Abdominal Surgery for Accelerated Rehabilitation, Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印个性化截骨导板:薄层CT或MRI扫描至少包括髋关节至踝关节中心获取患者影像学资料,创建计算机辅助设计转换为医学数字成像和通信,专业人员再通过相关软件进行三维导板个性化设计、研制,采用3D打印机打印出与实体1∶1的关节模型及截骨导板。其还原了患者膝关节详细情况,包括骨质破坏及骨赘情况,提高了手术精准度。
下肢力线:又称下肢机械轴线,是通过髋关节中心、膝关节中心和踝关节中心的轴线。双髋关节中心连线的距离比双踝关节中心距离较宽,因而此轴线由上外斜向下内,与人体垂直轴线形成约3°的夹角,女性比男性稍大。严重膝关节骨性关节炎患者常常出现膝关节内外翻,导致此轴线明显偏移。

背景:对于复杂膝关节骨性关节炎,采用传统操作器械截骨定位技术易导致人工全膝关节置换假体位置安放不良。3D打印个性化截骨导板可使截骨与假体安放更加精准。
目的:探讨个性化3D打印个性化截骨导板辅助下进行人工全膝关节置换治疗合并股骨畸形晚期膝关节骨性关节炎的早期临床疗效。
方法:选择2016年6月至2020年5月广州医科大学附属第五医院收治的31例合并股骨畸形的重度膝关节骨性关节炎患者,男14例,女17例,年龄54-88岁,均在个性化3D打印个性化截骨导板辅助下行人工全膝关节置换治疗。治疗前及治疗后3 d,影像学测量股骨与胫骨机械轴夹角、股骨后髁角、髌骨横轴-股骨通髁线角;治疗前及治疗后6,12个月,评估患者美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分、目测类比评分与膝关节活动范围。
结果与结论:①31例患者均获得12个月以上随访,试验及随访过程中未发生与植入材料相关的不良反应;②31例患者治疗后3 d的股骨与胫骨机械轴夹角、股骨后髁角、髌骨横轴-股骨通髁线角均低于治疗前(P均=0.000);③31例患者治疗后6,12个月的HSS膝关节评分与膝关节活动范围均高于治疗前(P < 0.05),治疗后6,12个月的目测类比评分均低于治疗前(P < 0.05);④结果表明,3D打印个性化截骨导板辅助下进行人工全膝关节置换治疗合并股骨畸形的晚期膝关节骨性关节炎,可缓解患者关节疼痛、改善关节功能、精确恢复下肢力线及股骨旋转对线、改善髌骨轨迹。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9861 (刘发泰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全膝关节置换, 个性化截骨导板, 下肢力线, 3D 打印, 人工假体, 骨关节炎, 人工关节, 膝关节假体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For complex knee osteoarthritis, traditional surgical instruments for osteotomy positioning technology can easily lead to poor placement of artificial total knee arthroplasty prostheses. Personalized three-dimensional printed osteotomy guide plate can achieve accurate osteotomy and prosthesis placement.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early clinical effects of total knee arthroplasty with personalized three-dimensional printed osteotomy guide plates in the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis with femoral deformities.
METHODS:  Thirty-one patients with severe knee osteoarthritis combined with femoral deformity admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2016 to May 2020 were enrolled in the study. There were 14 males and 17 females, which aged 54-88 years old. A personalized three-dimensional printed osteotomy guide plate was used to assist in total knee arthroplasty surgery. Imaging measurement was conducted before treatment and at 3 days after treatment, to measure the included angle between femur and tibia mechanical axis, posterior condylar angle, patella transverse axis-femoral transepicondylar axis angle. American Hospital of Special Surgery score, Visual Analogue Scale score and range of motion of the knee joint were measured and assessed before and at 6 and 12 months after treatment.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 31 patients were followed up for more than 12 months, and no adverse advents related to implant materials occurred during the trial and follow-up. At 3 days after treatment, the included angles between the femur and tibia mechanical axis, posterior condylar angle, and patella transverse axis-femoral transepicondylar axis angles were lower than those before treatment in all the patients (all P=0.000). At 6 and 12 months after treatment, the American Hospital of Special Surgery score and the range of motion of the knee were higher than those before treatment in all the patients (P < 0.05), while the Visual Analogue Scale scores were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, total knee arthroplasty with the assistance of three-dimensional printed personalized osteotomy guide plates can relieve joint pain, improve joint function, restore lower limb force lines and femoral rotation alignment, and improve patellar trajectory in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis combined with femoral deformities.

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, personalized osteotomy guide plate, lower limb force line, three-dimensional printing, artificial prosthesis, osteoarthritis, artificial joint, knee prosthesis

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