中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 365-370.doi: 10.12307/2022.060

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运动学对线与机械力学对线指导全膝关节置换后步态分析的比较

潘  浩,赵慧慧,王江静,王  峰,王  朋,石秋玲,郭  锦,李  琳,刘国强   

  1. 河北省沧州中西医结合医院,河北省沧州市   061001
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-27 修回日期:2021-01-29 接受日期:2021-02-23 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘国强,副主任医师,河北省沧州中西医结合医院,河北省沧州市 061001
  • 作者简介:潘浩,男,1986年生,河北省任丘市人,汉族,2014年河北大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨关节外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20211304),项目负责人:潘浩

Comparison of kinematic alignment and mechanical alignment to guide gait after total knee arthroplasty

Pan Hao, Zhao Huihui, Wang Jiangjing, Wang Feng, Wang Peng, Shi Qiuling, Guo Jin, Li Lin, Liu Guoqiang   

  1. Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-27 Revised:2021-01-29 Accepted:2021-02-23 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Liu Guoqiang, Associate chief physician, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Pan Hao, Master, Attending physician, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Hebei Medical Science Research Project Plan, No. 20211304 (to PH)

摘要:

文题释义:
运动学对线:关注的是患者个性化的解剖结构,并重建膝关节的三维立体结构,在最小化松解膝关节周围软组织及韧带的同时,将股骨、胫骨和髌骨的旋转轴与膝关节的 3 个生理运动轴线保持一致。
机械力学对线:是指垂直于机械轴行股骨远端、胫骨近端截骨,使股骨-胫骨关节线垂直于下肢机械力线,机械力学对线方法指导的全膝关节置换依赖于在冠状平面上建立下肢机械轴在(0±3)°范围内。该种对线方式术后,下肢机械轴穿过中心并垂直于膝关节线,胫骨平台内外侧受力相等,理论上可以减少膝关节假体磨损,提高膝关节假体的生存率。

背景:目前膝关节置换中通常采用的对线方式包括机械力学对线及运动学对线方式,关于两种手术方式的影像学及功能评估已经有一定研究,但对于两种手术方式患者的步态情况目前没有系统分析。
目的:探讨运动学对线与机械力学对线指导全膝关节置换后步态参数的差异。
方法:遴选出2017年1月至2019年6月因内翻性膝关节骨关节炎住院的患者50例,按手术方式分为2组,其中运动学对线组25例,机械力学对线组25例。以患者美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、疼痛目测类比评分、步态参数(步速、步频、步幅、站立相及摆动相屈伸角度,内外翻角度,内外旋角度及内收力矩)为参考指标,随访时间1年。
结果与结论:①所有患者顺利完成随访,无切口感染、肺栓塞、关节功能障碍等并发症发生;②与术前相比,术后1年两组患者的膝关节美国特种外科医院评分、疼痛目测类比评分均明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而术后1年两组间膝关节美国特种外科医院评分、疼痛目测类比评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③除摆动相内外翻角度以外,术后1年两组患者的步态参数指标均较术前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组间步频、站立相、摆动相屈伸、内外旋角度以及摆动相内外翻角度方面比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);而在步速、步幅、站立相内外翻角度以及内收力矩方面比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④提示运动学对线膝关节置换及机械力学对线膝关节置换均能明显改善膝关节骨关节炎患者的术后功能及步态;而运动学对线膝关节置换患者术后虽然残留部分生理性内翻,但能更有效地降低膝关节内收力矩,从而获得良好的治疗效果。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-4962 (潘浩) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 运动学对线, 机械力学对线, 全膝关节置换, 步态分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the alignment methods commonly used in knee arthroplasty include mechanical alignment and kinematic alignment. The imaging and functional evaluation of the two surgical methods have been studied to some extent, but the gait conditions of patients with the two surgical methods have been studied.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference in kinematic alignment and mechanical alignment to guide gait analysis after total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:  From January 2017 to June 2019, 50 hospitalized patients with inverted knee osteoarthritis were selected. According to the operation method, they were divided into kinematic alignment group (25 cases) and mechanical alignment group (25 cases). The patient’s knee Hospital for special surgery score, visual analogue scale score, and gait parameters (stride speed, stride frequency, stride length, stance and swing phase flexion angle, varus angle, internal and external rotation angle and adduction torque) were used as reference indicators. Follow-up time was 1 year.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients successfully completed the follow-up, without incision infection, pulmonary embolism, joint dysfunction or other complications. (2) Compared with that before operation, visual analogue scale score and Hospital for special surgery score were significantly improved at 1 year after operation in both groups (P < 0.05). Hospital for special surgery score and visual analogue scale score were not significantly different between the two groups at 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). (3) Except swing phase varus or valgus angle, the gait parameters of the two groups were significantly improved at 1 year after operation compared with those before operation (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in stride frequency, standing phase, swing phase flexion and extension, internal and external rotation angle and swing phase varus or valgus angle (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in stride speed, stride length, varus or valgus angle and adduction torque in standing phase (P < 0.05). (4) It is concluded that both kinematic alignment-total knee arthroplasty and mechanical alignment-total knee arthroplasty can significantly improve the postoperative function and gait of the knee joint. However, some patients with kinematic alignment-total knee arthroplasty have residual physiological varus after surgery, but it can more effectively reduce the knee adduction torque, so as to obtain a good treatment effect.

Key words: kinematic alignment, mechanical alignment, total knee arthroplasty, gait analysis

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