中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 359-364.doi: 10.12307/2022.059

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直接前方与后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换患者早期的步态变化

王  冲1,张梅莹2,周  健2,劳克诚2   

  1. 青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院,1运动医学康复中心,2骨关节与运动医学科,山东省青岛市  266000
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-04 修回日期:2021-03-06 接受日期:2021-05-07 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 劳克诚,主任医师,青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院骨关节与运动医学科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 作者简介:王冲,女,1996年生,山东省潍坊市人,青岛大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事运动康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    青岛市市立医院新技术创新项目(2019-WJZD020),项目名称:侧卧位直接前入路人工全髋关节置换术的临床疗效观察,项目参与者:周健

Early gait changes after total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach and posterolateral approach

Wang Chong1, Zhang Meiying2, Zhou Jian2, Lao Kecheng2   

  1. 1Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Bone and Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-04 Revised:2021-03-06 Accepted:2021-05-07 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Lao Kecheng, Chief physician, Department of Bone and Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Chong, Master candidate, Physician, Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Technology Innovation Project of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 2019-WJZD020 (to ZJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
步态分析:是指研究步行规律的检查方法,旨在通过生物力学和运动学手段揭示步态异常的关键环节及影响因素,从而指导康复评估和治疗,有助于临床诊断、疗效评估及机制研究等。
单支撑相:通常指一侧下肢足跟着地到同侧足尖离地的过程,单位为s,一般占一个步行周期的40%。行走时一侧下肢单支撑期所占时间,实际上完全等于对称下肢的迈步相时间,单脚支撑相时间缩短,提示该下肢负重能力的下降。

背景:全髋关节置换是治疗髋关节骨性关节炎的常用方法,直接前方入路与后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换均可获得良好的临床疗效,目前大量报道主要集中于两种手术入路的对比研究,用步态分析技术对患者全髋关节置换后早期步态变化的研究较少。
目的:运用步态分析技术比较经直接前方与后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换手术患者术后早期不同时间段的步态变化,探讨两种手术入路术后早期的康复效果。
方法:选择2019年9月至2020年6月于青岛市市立医院就诊的单侧髋关节骨性关节炎患者66例,采用随机数字表法分为2组,分别经直接前方入路进行全髋关节置换手术(n=33)、经后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换手术(n=33)。采用步态分析技术比较两组患者术前及术后1,3,6个月的步态变化。研究已通过青岛市市立医院伦理委员会审核。
结果与结论:①术后1个月,直接前方入路组与后外侧入路组患者的跨步长、步速、步频、患侧支撑相较术前均有明显改善(P < 0.05)。②术后3个月,两组患者的跨步长、步速、步频、患侧支撑相检测结果较术后1个月增加(P < 0.05)。③术后6个月,直接前方入路组患者的跨步长、步速、步频、患侧支撑相检测结果与术后3个月时比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),后外侧入路组患者的跨步长、步速、步频、患侧支撑相检测结果较术后3个月时增加(P < 0.05)。④术后1,3个月时,直接前方入路组患者的跨步长、步频、步速、患侧支撑相检测结果优于后外侧入路组(P < 0.05);术后6个月时,两组各指标比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。⑤结果表明,两种手术入路都可使全髋关节置换患者获得明显的步态改善,直接前方入路可以更好地促进患者髋关节功能的恢复和早期锻炼。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-2747 (王冲) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全髋关节置换, 直接前方入路, 后外侧入路, 步态分析, 髋关节骨性关节炎, 康复

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty is a commonly used method for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Both direct anterior approach and posterolateral approach can achieve good results in total hip arthroplasty. The current research mainly focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of two surgical approaches. The use of gait analysis technology to study the early postoperative gait of patients is less.  
OBJECTIVE: The gait analysis technique was used to compare the gait changes of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with the direct anterior approach and the posterolateral approach in different time periods, and to explore the early postoperative rehabilitation effect of the two approaches.
METHODS:  The 66 patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis who were treated with total hip arthroplasty at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from September 2019 to June 2020 were selected in this study, and divided into posterolateral approach group (n=33) and direct anterior approach group (n=33) according to the random number table method. The gait analysis technique was used to compare the changes of patients’ gait in the two groups before surgery, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 1 month after surgery, stride length, pace, pace frequency and lateral support of patients in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05). (2) At 3 months after surgery, stride length, pace, pace frequency, and lateral support were increased in the two groups compared with 1 month after surgery (P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical significance in stride length, stride speed, stride frequency, and support phase of the affected side in the direct anterior approach group at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P > 0.05). The stride length, stride speed, stride frequency, and support phase of the affected side were increased in the posterolateral approach group at 6 months compared with that at 3 months (P < 0.05). (4) At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the stride length, stride frequency, stride speed and support phase of affected side in the direct anterior approach group were better than those in the posterolateral approach group (P < 0.05). At 6 months after operation, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) It is indicated that both surgical approaches can significantly improve patients’ gait, and direct anterior approach can better promote the recovery of hip function and early exercise of patients.

Key words: total hip arthroplasty, direct anterior approach, posterolateral approach, gait analysis, hip osteoarthritis, rehabilitation

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