中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1615-1619.doi: 10.12307/2022.212

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

后交叉韧带重建移植物的特点与选择

赵正吕,李彦林,王  旭,刘德健,张  艳   

  1. 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市   650032
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-17 修回日期:2020-10-21 接受日期:2020-11-21 出版日期:2022-04-08 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 李彦林,博士生导师,主任医师,昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科,云南省昆明市 650032
  • 作者简介:赵正吕,男,1994年生,云南省文山市人,汉族,昆明医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨关节损伤的修复与重建研究
  • 基金资助:
    云南省骨关节疾病临床医学中心项目(ZX-2019-03-04),项目负责人:李彦林;云南省领军人才项目(L-201601),项目负责人:李彦林;云南省陈世益专家工作站项目(2018IC102),项目负责人:李彦林

Characteristics and selection of grafts for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Zhao Zhenglü, Li Yanlin, Wang Xu, Liu Dejian, Zhang Yan   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2020-10-17 Revised:2020-10-21 Accepted:2020-11-21 Online:2022-04-08 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Li Yanlin, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Zhenglü, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Clinic Center of Bone and Joint Diseases of Yunnan Province, No. ZX-2019-03-04 (to LYL); Medical Leaders Talent Project of Yunnan Province, No. L-201601 (to LYL); Expert Workstation Project of Chen Shiyi of Yunnan Province, No. 2018IC102 (to LYL)

摘要: 文题释义:
后交叉韧带:是膝关节内最强韧带,其主要作用是限制胫骨后移,并具有限制膝关节过伸、内旋和外翻的作用。
自体腘绳肌腱移植后交叉韧带重建术:利用取腱器取出自体半腱肌肌腱及股薄肌肌腱,经编织后作为后交叉韧带重建的移植物,关节镜下制备合适的胫骨隧道、股骨隧道,将编织后的自体腘绳肌腱移植植入膝关节内,经过后期功能锻炼起到替代原有后交叉韧带功能的作用,维持膝关节稳定性。

背景:关节镜下后交叉韧带重建已经成为后交叉韧带严重损伤的主要治疗方法,掌握各类后交叉韧带重建移植物的特点,选择适合的移植材料被认为是影响后交叉韧带重建效果的重要环节。
目的:对后交叉韧带重建自体移植材料、异体移植材料、人工韧带等移植物的优缺点展开综述,提出改良策略及展望。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库和CNKI数据库、万方数据库中关于后交叉韧带重建的移植材料(如自体移植物、同种异体移植物、人工韧带等)方面的文献,文献发表时间设置为2000-2020年。将符合检索词所得的文章进行初筛,保留与综述内容相关且具有各类后交叉韧带移植物优缺点分析的相关文献,进一步详细分析、归纳并总结。

结果与结论:后交叉韧带重建移植物各有其优缺点,目前临床上应用最多的是自体腘绳肌腱移植物,运用韧带增强装置、内减张技术或者肌腱表面涂层技术处理移植物可改善后交叉韧带重建效果。短期内自体肌腱、异体肌腱及人工韧带都是重要的后交叉韧带重建移植物来源;远期随着人工韧带和组织工程韧带研究的进步,有望彻底解决后交叉韧带重建移植材料的问题。临床医生选择后交叉韧带移植物时应综合考虑患者所期望的活动水平、参与的活动类型及患者的职业特点、医生所掌握的重建技术与习惯及与移植物相匹配的固定材料等方面的问题,选择适宜的后交叉韧带重建移植物。

https//orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-475X (赵正吕) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 材料, 后交叉韧带, 重建, 移植物, 自体移植物, 同种异体移植物, 人工韧带, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament has become the main treatment for severe injury of posterior cruciate ligament. Mastering the characteristics of all kinds of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction grafts and selecting suitable transplantation materials are considered to be an important link affecting the effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of autografts, allografts and artificial ligaments in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and put forward improvement strategies and prospect.  
METHODS: The first author searched the articles about implant materials (autografts, allografts and artificial ligaments) for the reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament on PubMed database, CNKI database and Wanfang database from 2000 to 2020. The articles obtained in accordance with the search words were screened and retained, and the relevant articles related to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of posterior cruciate ligament grafts were further analyzed and summarized in detail.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction grafts have their own advantages and disadvantages. At present, autogenous hamstring tendon grafts are most widely used in clinic. Ligament enhancement device, internal tension reduction technique or tendon surface coating technology can improve the effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Autogenous tendons, allogeneic tendons and artificial ligaments are all important sources of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction grafts in the short term. With the progress of artificial ligament and tissue engineering ligament research in the long term, it is expected to completely solve the problem of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction materials. When selecting posterior cruciate ligament grafts, surgeon should consider the level of activity expected by patients, the types of activities they participate in, their professional characteristics, the reconstruction techniques and habits mastered by doctors, and the fixed materials matched with the grafts, so as to select a suitable posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft.

Key words: material, posterior cruciate ligament, reconstruction, grafts, autograft, allograft, artificial ligament, review

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