中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (30): 4907-4914.doi: 10.12307/2021.281

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

颈椎前后路融合治疗多节段颈椎病术后不良事件的Meta分析

王曙光1,蔡同川1,冯新民2,南利平2,王  峰2,朱  磊2,陈  东2 ,张  亮2   

  1. 1大连医科大学研究生院,辽宁省大连市   116000;2扬州大学临床医学院脊柱外科,江苏省扬州市   225001
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-11 修回日期:2020-08-12 接受日期:2021-02-07 出版日期:2021-10-28 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 张亮,博士后,副主任医师,扬州大学临床医学院脊柱外科,江苏省扬州市 225001
  • 作者简介:王曙光,男,1995年生,内蒙古自治区通辽市人,蒙古族,大连医科大学在读硕士
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81972136),项目参与人:张亮;广西省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JJA14775),项目参与人:张亮;江苏省青年医学重点人才项目(QNRC2016342),项目参与人:张亮;江苏省妇幼健康科研重点资助项目(F201801),项目参与人:张亮;江苏省高层次卫生人才“六个一工程”拔尖人才科研项目(LGY2019035),项目参与人:张亮

Meta-analysis of adverse events between anterior and posterior fusion surgery for multiple-level cervical spondylosis

Wang Shuguang1, Cai Tongchuan1, Feng Xinmin2, Nan Liping2, Wang Feng2, Zhu Lei2, Chen Dong2, Zhang Liang2   

  1. 1Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedic (Spine Center), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-08-11 Revised:2020-08-12 Accepted:2021-02-07 Online:2021-10-28 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Zhang Liang, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedic (Spine Center), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Wang Shuguang, Master candidate, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972136 (to ZL); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation General Project, No. 2018JJA14775 (to ZL); Young Medical Scholars Major Program of Jiangsu Province, No. QNRC2016342 (to ZL); Key Funding Project of Maternal and Child Health Research of Jiangsu Province, No. F201801 (to ZL); High-Level Health Professionals "Six Projects" Top-notch Talent Research Program of Jiangsu Province, No. LGY2019035 (to ZL)

摘要:

文题释义:
颈椎前路减压融合:是颈椎前路手术治疗颈椎退变、创伤、肿瘤和炎症等疾病的有效手段,手术治疗可直接去除致压物,恢复有效椎管容量,重建颈椎生理曲度和椎间高度。前路减压包括经间隙椎间盘切除和椎体次全切除减压,减压后必须重建颈椎的稳定性和椎间高度。
颈椎后路减压融合:适用于颈椎关节强硬、椎管狭窄和椎间盘退行性疾病导致的脊髓病或神经根型颈椎病患者。颈椎后路可通过椎板减压、小关节切除、椎间孔切开对神经根进行间接减压,由于单纯的颈椎椎板切除术不再被认为是治疗神经根病的最佳做法,目前在椎板切除术中加入颈后路融合已成为标准治疗方法。
目的:治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的最佳手术方式仍存在争议。近年,后路椎板切除/椎板成形融合在治疗脊髓型颈椎病领域的应用逐渐增多。然而,很少有综合研究将前路减压与融合和后路椎板切除/椎板成形融合的术后不良事件发生率进行比较。因此,文章采用Meta分析法观察颈椎前后路融合治疗多节段颈椎病术后不良事件的差异。
方法:计算机检索2020-03-01以前PubMed、EMbase、Medline、The Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库中关于颈椎前路与颈椎后路减压融合治疗多节段颈椎病的临床对照研究。纳入文献的方法学质量采用NOS量表评价后,利用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析,对各种不良事件进行比较,以评估两种术式在各种不良事件差异。
结果:①文章共纳入前瞻性队列研究2个,回顾性队列研究9个,共计36 862例患者,NOS质量评分均在5分以上;②两种修复方式的内固定故障及死亡率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③颈椎后路椎板切除/椎板成形融合组术后新发神经功能障碍发生率(OR=2.68,95%CI:1.98-3.63,P < 0.000 01)、脑脊液漏发生率(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.18-2.54,P=0.005)、手术部位感染率(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.66-9.72,P=0.002)、颈部轴性疼痛发生率(OR=7.27,95%CI:3.04-17.40,P < 0.000 01)、翻修发生率(RR=3.14,95%CI:2.80-3.15,P < 0.000 01)、颈部慢性疼痛发生率(OR=3.60,95%CI:2.48-5.24,P < 0.000 01)均高于颈椎前路减压融合组;④颈椎前路减压融合组术后吞咽困难及声音嘶哑发生率(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.12-0.42,P < 0.000 01)高于后路椎板切除/椎板成形融合组。
结论:①基于11个队列研究证据表明,在降低术后不良事件方面,颈椎前路减压融合治疗后患者新发神经功能障碍、脑脊液漏、手术部位感染、颈部轴性疼痛及翻修不良事件较少,而颈椎后路椎板切除/椎板成形融合治疗后患者吞咽困难及声音嘶哑不良事件较少;②但受纳入文献质量的限制,以上结论需更高质量、多中心、应用盲法的随机对照试验加以验证。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7561-1488 (张亮) 

关键词: 颈椎, 脊柱, 颈椎病, 脊髓压迫症, 脊柱融合, 队列研究, 不良事件, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The best surgical method for the treatment of multi-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy is still controversial. In recent years, the application of posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy has gradually increased. However, few comprehensive studies have compared the incidence of postoperative adverse events between anterior decompression and fusion and posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to observe the difference in postoperative adverse events of anterior and posterior cervical fusion for multiple-level cervical spondylosis.
METHODS:  PubMed, EMbase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched by computer for randomized controlled trials published before March 1, 2020 regarding anterior decompression and fusion and posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion for the treatment of multiple-level cervical spondylosis. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using NOS scale, and then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Various adverse events were compared to evaluate the difference between anterior and posterior depression fusion surgery in various adverse events.  
RESULTS: (1) Two prospective cohort studies and nine retrospective cohort studies were included, with a total of 36 862 patients. The NOS quality assessment was above 5 points. (2) There was no significant difference between the two surgical methods in adverse events such as fixation failure and mortality (P > 0.05). (3) The incidence of new nerve dysfunction (OR=2.68, 95%CI:1.98-3.63, P < 0.000 01), incidence of cerebral fluid leakage (OR=1.73, 95%CI:1.18-2.54, P=0.005), infection rate at surgical site (OR=4.01, 95%CI:1.66-9.72, P=0.002), incidence of axial cervical pain (OR=7.27, 95%CI:3.04-17.40, P < 0.000 01), incidence of revision surgery (RR=3.14, 95%CI:2.80-3.15, P < 0.000 01), and incidence of chronic neck pain (OR=3.60, 95%CI:2.48-5.24, P < 0.000 01) were higher in the posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion group than those in the anterior decompression and fusion group. (4) The incidence of dysphagia and hoarseness was higher in the anterior decompression and fusion group than that in the posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion group (OR=0.23, 95%CI:0.12-0.42, P < 0.000 01). 
CONCLUSION: (1) Evidence from 11 cohort studies showed that regarding the incidence of postoperative adverse events, the incidences of new neurological dysfunction, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, surgical site infection, cervical axial pain, and revision surgery were less after anterior decompression and fusion. Dysphagia and hoarsenes were less after posterior laminectomy/laminaplasty and fusion. (2) However, limited by the quality of the included literature, above conclusions need to be validated by high-quality, multicenter and blinded randomized controlled trials.

Key words: cervical vertebrae, spinal column, cervical spondylosis, spinal cord compression, spinal fusion, cohort study, adverse events, meta-analysis

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