中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 1929-1934.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2507

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换后创面的皮瓣转移修复

陈建国1,2,钱文伟1,彭慧明1   

  1. 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京协和医院,北京市  100730;2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,整形外科医院,北京市  100144
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-02 修回日期:2019-08-03 接受日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 彭慧明,博士,副主任医师,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京协和医院,北京市 100730
  • 作者简介:陈建国,男,1993年生,广东省茂名市人,汉族,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院在读硕士,主要从事整形外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7192173)

Wounds repaired by flap transfer after total knee arthroplasty

Chen Jianguo1, 2, Qian Wenwei1, Peng Huiming1   

  1. 1Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; 2Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Received:2019-08-02 Revised:2019-08-03 Accepted:2019-10-09 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-03-03
  • Contact: Peng Huiming, MD, Associate chief physician, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • About author:Chen Jianguo, Master candidate, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (General Project), No. 7192173

摘要:

文题释义:
皮瓣转移修复:把患者某部位一块带有血供的皮肤及附着的皮下组织的皮瓣通过带血管蒂或游离形式转移到另一部位以达到修复深、大的软组织缺损创面、修复畸形以及改善功能的目的。包括皮瓣的术前评估、选择、术中设计、转移、断蒂、血管吻合、修整以及术后护理等过程,目前已广泛应用于整形外科。
全膝关节置换:通过手术将类似人体膝关节并且具备良好生物相容性及机械性能的假体置换磨损、破坏的关节面,以去除病变、消除疼痛、恢复关节功能、改善生活质量。临床上常用来治疗严重膝骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、创伤性关节炎等的严重膝关节病变。

背景:全膝关节置换后伤口并发症可能导致严重后果,给骨科医生带来极大挑战。如果膝关节周围创面较大,并且深及筋膜层或有假体、骨、关节、肌腱、大血管、神经等暴露,则无法通过伤口频繁换药、持续引流、浅表或深部伤口清创、负压吸引、植皮等手段实现二期愈合,此时骨科医生应请整形外科医生会诊,并考虑行皮瓣转移修复。

目的:介绍了可用于修复全膝关节置换后创面的皮瓣类型,有助于骨科医生对皮瓣的理解和合理选用,减少因软组织缺损创面带来的严重后果。

方法:第一作者通过计算机检索PubMed、Medline、万方、CNKI数据库建库至2019年关于皮瓣转移修复全膝关节置换后创面的文献,中文检索词为“皮瓣,膝关节,创面”,英文检索词为“flap,knee,wound”,共检索到668篇文献,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终纳入45篇文献进行分析。

结果与结论:①皮瓣转移修复在整形外科上广泛应用,骨科医生认识各皮瓣的特征至关重要;②依据创面的三维结构、位置的特点选择、设计合适的皮瓣有助于修复全膝关节置换后软组织缺损,进而减少全膝关节置换后假体暴露、假体周围感染、假体取出甚至截肢的风险。

ORCID: 0000-0001-5666-7144(陈建国)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


关键词: 皮瓣, 局部皮瓣, 肌瓣, 肌皮瓣, 游离皮瓣, 皮瓣修复, 全膝关节置换, 创面, 伤口并发症

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Wound complications probably result in severe soft tissue defects after total knee arthroplasty, which brings orthopedic surgeon a big challenge. Some treatment options, such as frequent sterile dressings changes, persistent drainage, minor or thorough debridement, negative pressure wound therapy and split-thickness skin grafts, fail to help those quite large and deep wounds around the knee, with exposed fascia or prosthesis, bone, joint, tendon, large vessels and nerve, heal by secondary intention. Under these situations, orthopedic surgeon should consult plastic surgery and propose flap re-construction.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce some types of flaps for orthopedic surgeon, so as to help orthopedic surgeon understand and chose flaps logically, and reduce severe consequences caused by soft tissue defect wounds.

METHODS: The first author retrieved databases of PubMed, Medline, Wanfang and CNKI for the articles concerning wounds repaired by flap transfer after total knee arthroplasty published before 2019. The key words were “flap, knee, wound” in Chinese and English, respectively. Initially 668 articles were retrieved and 45 eligible articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Flap reconstruction is widely applied in plastic surgery. It is significant for orthopedic surgeon to recognize the characteristics of each flap. (2) Selecting and designing suitable type of flap according to the three-dimensional structure and position of wounds is helpful for repairing soft tissue defect, reducing the risks of prosthesis exposure, periprosthetic infection, prosthesis removal and even amputation after total knee replacement after total knee arthroplasty.

Key words: flap, local flap, muscle flap, myocutaneous flap, free flap, flap reconstruction, total knee arthroplasty, wound, wound complication

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