生物材料在牙再生领域中的应用与未来

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.03.026

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 446-450.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.03.026

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇下一篇

生物材料在牙再生领域中的应用与未来

余勇，邓锋，吴艳

重庆医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科，口腔疾病与生物医学重庆市重点实验室，重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室，重庆市 401147

收稿日期:2015-11-25 出版日期:2016-01-15 发布日期:2016-01-15
通讯作者: 吴艳，博士，主治医师，重庆医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科，口腔疾病与生物医学重庆市重点实验室，重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室，重庆市 401147
作者简介:余勇，男，1989年生，重庆市人，汉族，硕士，医师，主要从事干细胞及牙周再生等研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81271183)；2013 年重庆高校创新团队建设计划资助项目；重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室资助项目；重庆市卫生和计划生育委员会面上项目(2015MSXM054)

Biomaterials in tooth regeneration: application and future

Yu Yong, Deng Feng, Wu Yan

Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering in Chonging Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China

Received:2015-11-25 Online:2016-01-15 Published:2016-01-15
Contact: Wu Yan, M.D., Attending physician, Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering in Chonging Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
About author:Yu Yong, Master, Physician, Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering in Chonging Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81271183; the Innovation Team Construction Plan for Chongqing Universities in 2013; the Municipal-Level Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering in Chongqing Universities; a grant from the Health and Family Planning Commission Project of Chongqing, China, No. 2015MSXM054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章快速阅读：

文题释义：

生物医用材料：是用来对生物体进行诊断、治疗、修复或替换其病损组织、器官或增进其功能的材料。它是研究人工器官和医疗器械的基础，已成为当代材料学科的重要分支，尤其是随着生物技术的蓬勃发展和重大突破，生物医用材料已成为各国科学家竞相进行研究和开发的热点。

牙再生：牙再生一直是科研工作者研究的焦点。组织工程的出现，为牙再生研究提供了可能性。组织工程的两大核心是种子细胞和支架材料。种子细胞可分化形成牙齿的各个组成成分，支架材料为细胞的聚集、黏附、增殖、分化及代谢提供生物学的支撑。因此，支架材料对于组织工程的成功与否起着决定性的作用。支架材料中又以生物材料研究最为火热。

背景：组织工程的出现为牙再生研究提供了新的可能性，其中生物材料用于牙再生的研究具有良好的应用前景，并取得了一定的研究成果，已成为目前的研究热点。

目的：综述生物材料的研究历史、种类、特性及在牙再生领域的研究进展。

方法：利用计算机检索CNKI、PubMed、Google学术等数据库2000至2015年间关于生物材料应用于牙再生领域的文献，挑选有代表性、创新性的研究结果进行论证。

结果与结论：诸多研究结果表明，生物材料在牙再生中发挥着不可替代的作用，其中软性生物材料可能被用作包裹细胞支架，而机械硬性生物材料则充当结构替代物，因此，可以同时使用这两种材料，互补互足。生物材料与多种牙源性干细胞都有着良好的生物相容性、低细胞毒性及低免疫原性，并且具有诱导某些细胞朝着某一特定方向分化的作用。随着生物材料在组织再生领域的发现越来越多，如何降低其成本及实现临床应用仍需进一步的研究。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

ORCID: 0000-0001-8133-7753(吴艳)

关键词: 生物材料, 口腔生物材料, 支架, 牙再生, 干细胞, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The emergence of tissue engineering technology has provided a new possibility for the study of tooth regeneration. The biomaterials used in the research of tooth regeneration have a good implementation prospect, and have achieved some research results, which have become a study hotspot.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research history, types, characteristics of biomaterials and the research evelopments in the field of tooth regeneration.
METHODS: The articles about biomaterials and their applications in the tooth regeneration published during 2000 to 2015 were retrieved from CNKI, PubMed and Google Scholar by computer. Typical and creative research achievements were enrolled in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many research results demonstrate that biomaterials play an irreplaceable role in tooth regeneration, among which the soft biomaterials can be used for wrapping cytoskeleton, whereas the mechanical rigid biomaterials act as the structural substitutes. Therefore, we can use these two kinds of biomaterials together and complementarily. Biomaterials and a variety of dental stem cells all have a good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, which may induce some cells to differentiate toward a particular direction. As more and more research achievements of biomaterials in the field of tissue regeneration have been discovered, how to reduce the costs and realize the clinical applications still need further research.
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

余勇，邓锋，吴艳. 生物材料在牙再生领域中的应用与未来[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2016, 20(3): 446-450.

Yu Yong, Deng Feng, Wu Yan . Biomaterials in tooth regeneration: application and future[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2016, 20(3): 446-450.

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引言

在过去很长的一段时间里，实现整个牙齿的再生几乎等同于终结人类死亡命运一样困难。缺牙后会对患者身心健康产生严重影响，如患者的自尊和生活质量^[1]。牙齿是一个完整的生物器官，作为口腔疾病中最常见疾病之一的龋病会破坏牙齿的硬组织(釉质和牙本质)及软组织(牙髓组织)。同样，牙周病也是口腔疾病中的高发病率疾病，它是造成牙缺失的最主要病因之一^[2-4]。目前，临床上治疗牙缺失的方法主要是通过人工义齿进行修复，最好的就是当前最热门的种植牙。尽管这在临床中取得了一定的效果，但仍然不能忽视其种植失败及并发症概率的风险，如种植体松脱、种植体周围炎、种植体周围骨丧失及过敏反应等。导致种植失败的主要原因是金属种植体不能与其周围的牙槽骨发生生物学的骨改建。

因此，牙再生一直是科研工作者研究的焦点。组织工程的出现为牙再生研究提供了可能。组织工程的两大核心是种子细胞和支架材料。种子细胞可分化形成牙齿的各个组成成分，支架材料为细胞的聚集、黏附、增殖、分化及代谢提供生物学的支撑。因此，支架材料对组织工程的成功与否起着决定性作用。支架材料中又以生物材料研究最为火热。近些年来，再生性生物材料发展迅速，已发展到可以隔离和控制生长因子的释放，这样就可在体内外获得特定的生物性能及改善其功能^[5-7]。在牙再生领域，要想实现牙的完全再生，必须选择合适的生物材料及这一过程所需的细胞分子^[8]。因此，生物材料在牙再生中起着关键作用，这就要求生物材料本身具有生物相容性、无毒及促进单种或多种牙体组织再生的特征，文章就生物材料在牙再生领域中的研究进展做一综述。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

生物材料在牙再生领域中的应用与未来

Biomaterials in tooth regeneration: application and future

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