中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3412-3423.doi: 10.12307/2026.326

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动诱导细胞外囊泡:在胰岛素抵抗发生发展中的作用与机制

要俪娟,王印凤,马震南,陈乐琴   

  1. 山西师范大学体育学院,山西省太原市   030031
  • 接受日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 陈乐琴,教授,山西师范大学体育学院,山西省太原市 030031
  • 作者简介:要俪娟,女,2000年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动人体科学研究。

Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles: action and mechanisms in occurrence and development of insulin resistance

Yao Lijuan, Wang Yinfeng, Ma Zhennan, Chen Leqin   

  1. School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-10 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Chen Leqin, Professor, School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Yao Lijuan, MS, School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

细胞外囊泡:是作为细胞间信息传递的关键递质,不同来源的细胞外囊泡在胰岛素抵抗中呈现截然相反的作用,脂肪源性细胞外囊泡可通过单靶点加重代谢紊乱,而运动诱导的细胞外囊泡则通过抗炎、促葡萄糖转运、增强线粒体功能等来改善胰岛素抵抗,是在代谢性疾病干预中具有前景的治疗靶点。
胰岛素抵抗:是指胰岛素靶组织对胰岛素介导的葡萄糖摄取和利用效能降低的病理生理状态,运动通过调控细胞外囊泡的分泌和内含物,形成多器官协同的代谢网络,可改善胰岛素抵抗,不同细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡携带特定信号分子影响胰岛素信号通路、炎症反应等,参与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展过程。

摘要
背景:细胞外囊泡作为细胞间信息交流的新兴关键递质,通过传递miRNA、蛋白质及脂质分子,在骨骼肌、脂肪组织和肝脏等胰岛素靶器官中发挥关键调控作用,而运动诱导的细胞外囊泡在胰岛素抵抗发生发展进程中的作用机制成为代谢领域的热点前沿。
目的:梳理运动诱导的细胞外囊泡在胰岛素抵抗中的最新研究进展。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、MedReading、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,文献检索时限为2012-01-01/2025-03-03,搜集相关运动干预后细胞外囊泡对疾病影响的研究,中文检索词为“细胞外囊泡,运动,胰岛素抵抗,疾病”等,英文检索词为“extracellular vesicle,physicalexercise,insulin resistance,disease”等。通过纳入与排除标准,最终纳入107篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:文章系统梳理了细胞外囊泡、运动和胰岛素抵抗的关系,结果表明,细胞外囊泡作为关键递质,通过传递miRNA、蛋白质等分子,在多器官代谢调控中发挥重要作用,并且不同的运动形式对细胞外囊泡的影响不同,有氧运动、力量训练、单次及高强度运动产生的细胞外囊泡在胰岛素抵抗中显现差异化疗效。运动诱导的细胞外囊泡通过多靶点、多通路协同改善胰岛素抵抗,以及对胰岛素信号通路、炎症反应和整体代谢调节具有深远影响,成为连接运动干预与代谢健康的核心桥梁;不同运动模式通过重塑细胞外囊泡分子谱,为精准运动处方设计提供了理论依据。然而,需深入剖析运动-细胞外囊泡-胰岛素抵抗三者之间的复杂关系,为运动改善代谢健康的科学原理提供系统性理论支撑,并为肥胖、糖尿病等相关代谢性疾病的预防与治疗开辟全新的思路与方向。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 胰岛素抵抗, 运动, 肥胖, 细胞外囊泡, 炎症

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles have emerged as an emerging key mediator of intercellular information exchange. Extracellular vesicles play a key regulatory role in insulin target organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver by delivering miRNAs, proteins, and lipid molecules. The research on the mechanism of exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in the development of insulin resistance has become a hot frontier in metabolism.
OBJECTIVE: To sort out the recent research progress between exercise-induced extracellular vesicles and insulin resistance. 
METHODS: Computerized search of PubMed, MedReading, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases was applied, with the time limit of literature published from January 1, 2012 to March 3, 2025, to collect the studies on the effects of extracellular vesicles on diseases under relevant exercise. The search terms in Chinese were “extracellular vesicle, exercise, insulin resistance, disease,” and the search terms in English were “extracellular vesicle, physical exercise, insulin resistance, disease.” Through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 107 papers were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The article systematically comb the relationship between extracellular vesicles, exercise and insulin resistance. The results show that extracellular vesicles, as a key mediator, play an important role in multi-organ metabolic regulation through the delivery of miRNAs, proteins and other molecules to improve insulin resistance, and that different forms of exercise have different impacts on the extracellular vesicles, with aerobic, strength-training, single and high-intensity exercise producing extracellular vesicles showing differential efficacy in insulin resistance. Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles can improve insulin resistance through multi-targets and multi-pathways, as well as have far-reaching effects on insulin signaling pathway, inflammation and overall metabolism regulation, and become a core bridge connecting exercise intervention and metabolism health. Different exercise modes can provide a theoretical basis for the design of precise exercise prescription by reshaping the molecular profile of extracellular vesicles. However, in-depth investigation is still needed to analyze the complex relationship between exercise, extracellular vesicles and insulin resistance, so as to provide systematic theoretical support for the scientific principles of exercise to improve metabolic health, and to open up new ideas and directions for the prevention and therapeutics for obesity, diabetes mellitus and other related metabolic diseases.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, exercise, obesity, extracellular vesicle, inflammation

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