中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1808-1817.doi: 10.12307/2025.685

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞因子和卫星细胞在肌肉再生中的相互作用

曹  涌,滕虹良,邰鹏飞,李骏达,朱腾旗,李兆进   

  1. 曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市  272000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11 修回日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2026-03-08 发布日期:2025-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 李兆进,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市 27200
  • 作者简介:曹涌,男,2001年生,山东省日照市人,汉族,曲阜师范大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省社会科学规划研究项目(21CTYJ08),项目负责人:朱腾旗

Interactions between cytokines and satellite cells in muscle regeneration 

Cao Yong, Teng Hongliang, Tai Pengfei, Li Junda, Zhu Tengqi, Li Zhaojin   

  1. School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2024-06-11 Revised:2024-10-11 Accepted:2024-10-18 Online:2026-03-08 Published:2025-08-20
  • Contact: Li Zhaojin, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Cao Yong, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Social Science Plan Research Project, No. 21CTYJ08 (to ZTQ)

摘要:

文题释义:

卫星细胞:在骨骼肌中,卫星细胞是肌肉组织的干细胞,其在静息状态下位于肌纤维基底膜和肌膜之间,当肌肉受损或需要生长时,卫星细胞被激活并增殖分化,形成成肌细胞,进而修复受损肌肉或促进肌肉生长和再生。
细胞因子:是一类由免疫细胞和非免疫细胞分泌的小分子蛋白质,具有调节免疫应答、炎症反应、细胞生长和分化等多种生物学功能,是细胞间交流的重要“信使”。

摘要
背景:卫星细胞和骨骼肌再生密切相关,当骨骼肌受到损伤或刺激时,卫星细胞能够迅速被激活并参与骨骼肌的修复过程。卫星细胞受到细胞因子的调控,而且研究表明运动能够促进卫星细胞的增殖和分化,但目前尚不清楚运动是否能够与细胞因子共同作用于卫星细胞促进骨骼肌修复。
目的:综述细胞因子和运动对卫星细胞的调控作用,为肌肉疾病的治疗和康复提供新的思路和潜在的干预目标。
方法:第一作者和通讯作者于2023-12-01/2024-02-01检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,检索文献时限为各数据库建库至2024年2月。英文检索词为“skeletal muscle regeneration,satellite cells,cytokines in muscle repair,exercise,muscle stem cells,inflammation and repair”,中文检索词为“骨骼肌,卫星细胞,细胞因子,运动,肌肉再生,肌肉干细胞,炎症和修复”。最终严格按照纳入和排除标准筛选,共纳入76篇文献。

结果与结论:①细胞因子在卫星细胞激活中的作用:在骨骼肌损伤后迅速激活卫星细胞,白细胞介素6促进卫星细胞增殖和迁移,从而加速肌肉的修复。肿瘤坏死因子α通过调控细胞凋亡和增殖通路,参与卫星细胞的分化和功能调节。干扰素γ则在炎症反应中发挥重要作用,调控卫星细胞参与肌肉损伤修复的免疫反应。②运动对细胞因子表达的调控作用:耐力运动和抗阻训练能够显著增加血液循环中白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平,进而可能促进卫星细胞的活化,参与骨骼肌再生过程。此外,运动还能增加骨骼肌分泌肌肉特异性蛋白(如肌肉生长抑制素、鸢尾素和胰岛素样生长因子1),这些因子对卫星细胞的增殖和肌肉再生具有重要调控作用。③未来研究的方向与展望:尽管已有研究揭示了多种细胞因子在卫星细胞调控中的关键作用,但相关机制仍需进一步深入探索,未来的研究可以通过整合多组学和生物信息学方法,深入解析不同细胞因子在运动促进骨骼肌损伤修复中的交互作用网络,以优化运动介入策略并提高骨骼肌再生的效率和质量。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6850-4004(曹涌);https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0977-801X(李兆进)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨骼肌, 骨骼肌再生, 卫星细胞, 细胞因子, 运动, 修复, 炎症, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Satellite cells are closely related to skeletal muscle regeneration. Satellite cells are crucial cellular sources for muscle regeneration, rapidly activated upon injury or stimulation to participate in muscle repair processes, regulated by cytokines. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that exercise promotes satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, yet it remains unclear whether exercise synergizes with cytokines to regulate satellite cell functions in skeletal muscle regeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To review the regulatory roles of cytokines and exercise on satellite cells, offering new insights and potential intervention targets for treating and rehabilitating muscle diseases.
METHODS: The first author and corresponding author conducted a literature search from December 1, 2023 to February 1, 2024, using databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP. The retrieval period was from the inception of each database to February 2024. Search terms included “skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cells, cytokines in muscle repair, exercise, muscle stem cells, inflammation and repair” in English and “skeletal muscle, satellite cells, cytokines, exercise, muscle regeneration, muscle stem cells, inflammation and repair” in Chinese. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly applied, resulting in the inclusion of 76 articles. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Role of cytokines in satellite cell activation: Satellite cells were rapidly activated after skeletal muscle injury. Interleukin-6 promotes satellite cell proliferation and migration, thereby accelerating muscle repair. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates apoptosis and proliferation pathways, influencing satellite cell differentiation and function. Interferon-gamma plays a crucial role in immune responses during inflammation, regulating satellite cell involvement in muscle injury repair. (2) Exercise modulation of cytokine expression: Endurance exercise and resistance training significantly increase circulating levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, facilitating satellite cell activation and participation in muscle regeneration. Moreover, exercise enhances skeletal muscle secretion of muscle-specific proteins such as myostatin, irisin, and insulin-like growth factor 1, which critically regulate satellite cell proliferation and muscle regeneration. (3) Future directions and prospects: Despite revealing key roles of multiple cytokines in satellite cell regulation, further mechanistic investigations are warranted. Future research integrating multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches could elucidate the interactive networks of different cytokines during exercise-mediated muscle repair, optimizing intervention strategies and enhancing the efficiency and quality of muscle regeneration.

Key words: skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cell, cytokine, exercise, repair, inflammation, review

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