中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1516-1526.doi: 10.12307/2026.584

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

巨噬细胞自噬与肺部疾病:作用的两面性

油惠娟1,吴姝臻1,2,荣  融1,陈立沅1,赵玉晴1,王清路1,欧小伟1,杨风英1   

  1. 1山东体育学院,运动与健康学院,山东省济南市  250102;2临沂市中医医院康复医院,山东省临沂市  276000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-25 接受日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2025-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨风英,博士,山东体育学院,运动与健康学院,山东省济南市 250102
  • 作者简介:油惠娟,女,2001年生,山东体育学院在读硕士,主要从事自噬与肺部炎症性疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2022MH163),项目负责人:杨风英;国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81601962),项目负责人:杨风英

Macrophage autophagy in lung diseases: two-sided effects

You Huijuan1, Wu Shuzhen1, 2, Rong Rong1, Chen Liyuan1, Zhao Yuqing1, Wang Qinglu1, Ou Xiaowei1, Yang Fengying1   

  1. 1School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China; 2Rehabilitation Hospital, Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-01-25 Accepted:2025-03-14 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2025-07-17
  • Contact: Yang Fengying, MD, School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:You Huijuan, Master candidate, School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, No. ZR2022MH163 (to YFY); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Foundation), No. 81601962 (to YFY)

摘要:




文题释义:
巨噬细胞自噬:自噬作为细胞内的重要降解途径,参与蛋白质质量平衡和内环境稳态调节,这对于具有吞噬功能的巨噬细胞尤为重要。自噬通过参与巨噬细胞胞葬作用及极化过程进而维持巨噬细胞功能稳定性,在维持机体系统和局部免疫平衡中发挥重要作用。
肺巨噬细胞:分为常驻巨噬细胞和外来浸润巨噬细胞,常驻巨噬细胞又分为肺泡巨噬细胞和肺间质巨噬细胞,其中以肺泡巨噬细胞为主,且目前对肺间质巨噬细胞研究甚少。当肺部出现炎症损伤时,骨髓源单核细胞浸润入肺增加并演变为肺泡巨噬细胞或肺间质巨噬细胞。

背景:巨噬细胞在肺部疾病的发生和进展过程中发挥关键作用,而自噬在维持巨噬细胞内环境稳态和功能稳定中扮演重要角色。已有研究认为巨噬细胞自噬活性在肺部疾病中具有两面性。
目的:通过总结巨噬细胞自噬及与肺部疾病的关系,为靶向巨噬细胞自噬探索肺部疾病的防治策略提供参考依据。
方法:检索中国知网、PubMed数据库建库至2024年9月发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“巨噬细胞自噬、胞葬作用、巨噬细胞极化、急性肺损伤、肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺纤维化、哮喘”;英文检索词为“macrophage autophagy,efferocytosis,macrophage polarization,acute lung injury,pneumonia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pulmonary fibrosis,asthma”,依据选择标准对检索结果进行纳入或排除,最终纳入符合标准的100篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①自噬流受阻诱发巨噬细胞极化失衡并损害其胞葬作用,导致M1型巨噬细胞增多,加重炎症损害。②自噬活性的判断应该以自噬流是否通畅为依据,对自噬降解能力的评价必不可少。部分研究未能全面检测自噬溶酶体降解能力以评估自噬流是否通畅,导致此类研究中所谓肺巨噬细胞自噬在肺部疾病中存在两面性的观点实则与自噬活性的片面判断有关。③不同肺部疾病以及同一疾病的不同发展阶段的病理表现各有差异,激活巨噬细胞自噬对调控急性肺损伤、感染性肺炎、轻度慢性阻塞性肺病、肺纤维化前期以及继发性哮喘等疾病的肺部炎症稳态具有积极作用,但在重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病的纤维化阶段以及肺纤维化进展期,肺巨噬细胞自噬激活加重肺纤维化,体现出巨噬细胞自噬的两面性;过敏性哮喘存在肺常驻巨噬细胞自噬激活和循环血中单核细胞源性浸润巨噬细胞自噬抑制现象,前者与气道狭窄关系密切,后者加重肺炎症紊乱。④因此,明确肺部疾病类型和疾病的进展阶段以及合理评价自噬活性均是今后探讨巨噬细胞自噬活性与疾病关系进而探索疾病治疗策略的重要保障。
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8924-944X(油惠娟);https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2522-9617(杨风英)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: ">自噬;巨噬细胞;胞葬作用;巨噬细胞极化;肺部疾病;炎症

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a key role in the occurrence and progression of lung diseases, and autophagy plays an important role in maintaining environmental homeostasis and functional stability in macrophages. It has been suggested that macrophage autophagic activity has two sides in lung inflammatory diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relationship between macrophage autophagy and lung diseases, thereby providing reference for exploring the prevention and treatment strategies of lung inflammatory diseases by targeting macrophage autophagy.
METHODS: Literature retrieval was performed in CNKI and PubMed for relevant literature published from database inception to September 2024. The search terms were “macrophage autophagy, efferocytosis, macrophage polarization, acute lung injury, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma” in Chinese and English, respectively. The search results were included or excluded based on the selection criteria, and 100 papers that met the criteria were finally included in the review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The obstruction of autophagy flow will induce the polarization imbalance of macrophages and impair their efferocytosis, resulting in the increase of M1 macrophages and aggravating inflammation. (2) The judgment of autophagic activity should be based on whether the autophagy flow is smooth or not, and it is essential to evaluate the degradation ability of autophagy. Some studies failed to comprehensively detect the degradation ability of autophagy lysosomes to assess whether the autophagy flow is unobtrusive. As a result, the so-called two-sided view of pulmonary macrophage autophagy in pulmonary inflammatory diseases in such studies is actually related to the one-sided judgment of autophagy activity. (3) The pathological manifestations vary across different pulmonary diseases and even at different stages of the same disease. Activation of macrophage autophagy plays a positive role in regulating pulmonary inflammatory homeostasis in conditions such as acute lung injury, infectious pneumonia, mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, early-stage pulmonary fibrosis, and secondary asthma. However, in the severe fibrotic stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the progressive stage of pulmonary fibrosis, the activation of pulmonary macrophage autophagy aggravates pulmonary fibrosis, reflecting the dual nature of macrophage autophagy. In allergic asthma, autophagy is activated in lung-resident macrophages but suppressed in infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages from circulation. The former is closely related to airway stenosis, and the latter aggravates pneumonia disorders. Therefore, identifying the types and progression stages of lung diseases, along with accurately assessing autophagic activity, is crucial for future investigations into the relationship between macrophage autophagy and disease pathogenesis, thereby facilitating the development of therapeutic strategies in the future.

Key words: autophagy, macrophage, exocytosis, macrophage polarization, lung diseases, inflammation

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