中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (36): 5858-5864.doi: 10.12307/2024.689

• 骨科植入物相关临床实践 Clinical practice of orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

延长氨甲环酸使用时间有助于减少老年股骨转子间骨折围术期隐性失血

赵  燕1,吴  凡2,李  红2,万盛钰2,何  瑾1,朱宾仁1,江从兵1   

  1. 四川省自贡市第四人民医院,1急诊科,2骨一科,四川省自贡市   643000
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-02 接受日期:2023-11-10 出版日期:2024-12-28 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 江从兵,主任医师,四川省自贡市第四人民医院急诊科,四川省自贡市 643000
  • 作者简介:赵燕,女,1988年生,四川省富顺县人,汉族,2012年泸州医学院毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事急诊创伤、多发创伤的诊治。 吴凡,男,1988年生,四川省西昌市人,汉族,2012年四川大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨科创伤、脊柱退变性疾病方面的研究。

Prolonging use of tranexamic acid is helpful to reduce perioperative hidden blood loss in senile patients with intertrochanteric fractures

Zhao Yan1, Wu Fan2, Li Hong2, Wan Shengyu2, He Jin1, Zhu Binren1, Jiang Congbing1   

  1. 1Department of Emergency, 2Section I, Department of Orthopedics, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China 
  • Received:2023-09-02 Accepted:2023-11-10 Online:2024-12-28 Published:2024-02-28
  • Contact: Jiang Congbing, Chief physician, Department of Emergency, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Yan, Master, Attending physician, Department of Emergency, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China Wu Fan, Master, Attending physician, Section I, Department of Orthopedics, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

氨甲环酸:是一种赖氨酸衍生物,可以有效减少骨科手术围术期的失血量,其机制为阻断纤溶酶原表面的赖氨酸结合位点,发挥抗纤溶作用,从而达到止血的效果。目前已有大量的研究证实,氨甲环酸的使用可以有效减少骨科手术围术期的失血量并有助于降低输血率。因此氨甲环酸广泛运用于骨科手术围术期,并且不增加术后静脉血栓栓塞症的发生率。
股骨近端防旋髓内钉:是经过特殊设计和加工过的一种股骨近端髓内钉内固定系统,改进自股骨近端髓内钉系统,增加了防旋转功能,主要包含主钉、防旋刀片、尾帽和远端锁钉。适用于各种类型的股骨转子间骨折的治疗,具有固定可靠、置入简单等优点,术后可以允许患者早期活动,减少并发症。


背景:股骨转子间骨折好发于老年人,手术后会出现大量的隐性失血,减少隐性失血可以降低并发症和住院时间。

目的:评估延长氨甲环酸的使用时间对股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗转子间骨折围术期隐性失血的影响。
方法:选择2022年1月至2023年5月自贡市第四人民医院经急诊收治入院的老年股骨转子间骨折患者共62例,均在牵引床上闭合牵引复位后置入股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗。根据氨甲环酸的使用时间分为2组,对照组38例在切开皮肤前15-30 min给予氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注,3 h后追加1 g;试验组24例在对照组的基础上,术后第1天再追加氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注每12 h一次。术前、术后当天、术后第1,3,5天均复查血常规,统计血红蛋白量和红细胞压积,理论总失血量采用Gross方程计算,同时记录两组患者并发症发生情况。

结果与结论:①通过统计学分析,两组患者术中显性出血量相差较小,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②试验组围术期血红蛋白下降量、总失血量、隐性失血量低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③试验组术后第3天的血红蛋白值、术后第1,3天的红细胞压积值高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④两组术后血红蛋白和血小板计数呈下降趋势,第3天的血红蛋白值为最低值,术后第1天的血小板值为最低值,然后开始回升;⑤两组患者术后并发症发生率相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥结果表明,术后延迟氨甲环酸的使用时间,可能有助于减少股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的隐性失血量,并不会增加并发症风险。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-2436 (赵燕) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 氨甲环酸, 股骨转子间骨折, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 隐性失血, 血红蛋白, 血小板计数

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intertrochanteric fracture of femur often occurs in the elderly, and there will be a large amount of hidden blood loss after surgery. Reducing hidden blood loss can decrease complications and hospital stay.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of prolonged use of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss after proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation in senile intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS: From January 2022 to May 2023, 62 elderly admitted patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur were selected from Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital. All of them were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation after closed reduction on the traction bed. According to the use time of tranexamic acid, they were divided into two groups. In the control group (n=38), 1 g tranexamic acid was given intravenically 15-30 minutes before incision, and 1 g was added 3 hours later. Based on the control group, the trial group (n=24) was given 1 g tranexamic acid intravenously once for 12 hours on the first day after surgery. Blood routine examinations were performed before surgery, on the day after surgery, and on the first, third and fifth days after surgery. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were counted. The theoretical total blood loss was calculated by Cross equation, and the incidence of complications in the two groups was recorded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Through statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the amount of dominant blood loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) The number of grams of hemoglobin decreased, total blood loss and hidden blood loss in the trial group during perioperative period were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The hemoglobin values of the trial group on day 3 after surgery, and the hematocrit values on days 1 and 3 after surgery were higher than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (4) The hemoglobin and platelet count showed a downward trend after surgery, and the hemoglobin value was the lowest value on day 3, and the platelet value was the lowest value on day 1 after surgery, and then began to rise in both groups. (5) There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). (6) The results show that prolonging use of tranatemic acid can effectively reduce the hidden blood loss in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with proximal anti-rotation intramedullary nail, and does not increase the risk of complications.

Key words: tranexamic acid, intertrochanteric fracture of femur, proximal femoral nail antirotation, hidden blood loss, hemoglobin, platelet count 

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