中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5400-5406.doi: 10.12307/2022.716

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨骼肌功能与运动调控老年人认知功能

肖友定1,高前进2,王二利3   

  1. 1上海建桥学院体育教学部,上海市   201306;2石家庄学院体育学院,河北省石家庄市   050035;3河北公安警察职业学院,河北省石家庄市   050020
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-27 接受日期:2021-12-04 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 王二利,三级警监,副教授,河北公安警察职业学院,河北省石家庄市 050020
  • 作者简介:肖友定,男,1980年生,浙江省人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动康复研究。

Skeletal muscle function and exercise regulating cognitive function of the older adults

Xiao Youding1, Gao Qianjin2, Wang Erli3   

  1. 1Department of Physical Education of Shanghai Jian Qiao University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2College of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, Heibei Province, China; 3Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, Shijiazhuang 050020, Heibei Province, China
  • Received:2021-10-27 Accepted:2021-12-04 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-31
  • Contact: Wang Erli, Associate professor, Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, Shijiazhuang 050020, Heibei Province, China
  • About author:Xiao Youding, Master, Department of Physical Education of Shanghai Jian Qiao University, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要:

文题释义:
骨骼肌功能:包括肌肉力量、身体活动能力和骨骼肌的内分泌功能。老年人骨骼肌功能减退增加了认知功能障碍的风险,通过运动使骨骼肌功能增强可降低认知功能障碍的风险,运动同时促进骨骼肌分泌肌细胞因子,肌细胞因子可调节肌-脑相互作用,改善老年人认知功能。
老年人认知功能:衰老使老年人的记忆、思维判断、执行能力等认知功能下降,且常伴随着部分脑区的萎缩。但人类的大脑有很强的可塑性,其认知功能衰退与结构的老化并非完全不可逆,生活中许多因素可提高认知能力,如教育背景、身体活动水平、营养、家庭环境等,其中有规律的运动对认知功能产生的正向效益受到了广泛关注。

背景:大脑处理问题的速度、记忆及思维想象等认知功能有随年龄增加而逐渐衰退的趋势,但许多生活因素可正向地影响认知功能,如受教育程度、社会活动、规律运动等。运动可通过多种机制对脑健康产生影响,其中骨骼肌功能变化发挥着重要作用。
目的:对骨骼肌在运动调节脑健康中的作用机制进行综述,旨在为预防老年痴呆和维护脑健康的研究提供参考及新思路。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据库中以“skeletal muscle,exercise, brain health,cognitive function,myokine,骨骼肌,运动,脑健康,认知功能,肌细胞因子”为检索词进行检索,通过文献回顾对近年相关文献进行综述。
结果与结论:静坐少动和肌肉减少症降低肌肉功能,骨骼肌功能的降低使老年人认知功能减退;抗阻训练和有氧运动使骨骼肌功能增强,骨骼肌功能增强使老年人认知功能改善;骨骼肌功能与老年认知功能呈正相关关系。运动还可增强骨骼肌内分泌功能,分泌多种肌细胞因子,肌细胞因子通过调节肌-脑相互作用改善脑健康和认知功能。因此, 骨骼肌功能变化是运动调节脑健康的重要途径,肌肉-大脑之间存在相互作用关系。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-0454 (肖友定) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨骼肌, 运动, 脑健康, 认知功能, 肌细胞因子, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The cognitive functions such as the speed of processing problems, memory and thinking imagination of the brain tend to decline with age, but many life factors can positively affect cognitive function, such as education, social activities, and regular exercise. Exercise can affect brain health through a variety of mechanisms, in which the functional changes of skeletal muscle may play an important role.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of skeletal muscle in exercise regulating brain health, in order to provide reference and new ideas for the prevention of Alzheimer´s disease and the maintenance of brain health.
METHODS:  On PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, “skeletal muscle, exercise, brain health, cognitive function, myokine” were searched as the search terms, and the relevant articles in recent years were reviewed through literature summary.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sendentary hypoactivity and sarcopenia reduce muscle function, and the decrease of skeletal muscle function reduces cognitive function in the elderly. Resistance training and aerobic exercise enhance skeletal muscle function, which improves the cognitive function of the elderly. There was a positive correlation between skeletal muscle function and cognitive function in the elderly. Exercise can also enhance the endocrine function of skeletal muscle and secrete a variety of myokine. Myocytokines improve brain health and cognitive function by regulating muscle-brain interaction. Therefore, the change of skeletal muscle function is an important way for exercise to regulate brain health, and there is a direct cross-talk between muscle and brain.

Key words: skeletal muscle, exercise, brain health, cognitive function, myokine, review

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