中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5393-5399.doi: 10.12307/2022.778

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

缺氧诱导因子与骨稳态失衡类疾病的相关性

李宏元1,杨  柳2,靳宪辉1   

  1. 1衡水市人民医院脊柱骨科,河北省衡水市   053000;2重庆医科大学附属永川医院骨科,重庆市   402160
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-10 接受日期:2022-01-06 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 李宏元,衡水市人民医院脊柱骨科,河北省衡水市 053000
  • 作者简介:李宏元,女,1983年生,河北省衡水市人,汉族,2006年河北医科大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事运动医学、脊柱骨科相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学重点研究课题(20150437),项目负责人:李宏元

Relationship between hypoxia-inducible factors and bone homeostasis disorders

Li Hongyuan1, Yang Liu2, Jin Xianhui1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
  • Received:2021-08-10 Accepted:2022-01-06 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-31
  • Contact: Li Hongyuan, Department of Orthopedics, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Li Hongyuan, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Hengshui People’s Hospital, Hengshui 053000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Hebei Provincial Medical Key Research Project, No. 20150437 (to LHY)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨稳态失衡类疾病:成骨细胞与破骨细胞维持着人体内的骨稳态,若破骨细胞的骨吸收超过成骨细胞的骨生成,将会引起筋骨失稳,进一步导致骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、骨折、骨硬化症和骨肿瘤等多种骨稳态失衡类疾病的发生。
缺氧诱导因子:是一种随着细胞内氧浓度变化而调节基因表达的转录激活因子,对于人体软骨细胞的存亡有重要的影响,其能使软骨细胞适应在骨骼间生长板的缺氧环境。

背景:缺氧诱导因子是骨缺氧微环境中关键的基因表达调节因子,了解缺氧诱导因子在骨形成、骨重塑中的作用机制及其对骨稳态失衡类疾病的影响,对探索骨稳态失衡类疾病的防治新途径具有重要意义。
目的:查阅国内外相关医学文献,对缺氧诱导因子在骨形成、骨重塑过程中的作用机制,以及对缺氧诱导因子与骨稳态失衡类疾病相关性的研究进展进行综述分析。
方法:在2021年4月检索中国知网、万方、维普、NCBI和PubMed数据库2000-2021年所发表的文献,中文关键词:“缺氧诱导因子、骨形成、骨重塑、骨稳态失衡类疾病、调控机制”;英文关键词:“Hypoxia inducible factor,bone formation,bone remodeling,bone homeostasis disorders,regulatory mechanism”;通过对相关资料的整理与分析,综述缺氧诱导因子对骨形成、骨重塑的作用机制,并分析缺氧诱导因子在骨稳态失衡类疾病中的作用。
结果与结论:①缺氧应激条件下成骨细胞过度表达的缺氧诱导因子1α能够促进骨形成,增加长骨体积,而破骨细胞中缺氧诱导因子2α表达的显著上调能促进破骨细胞的成熟与分化,引起进行性骨丢失。②抑制破骨细胞中缺氧诱导因子1α表达可削弱破骨细胞活性,降低骨吸收,提高骨重塑,缺氧诱导因子2α则通过介导成骨细胞与破骨细胞间的调节来实现骨重塑。③关于缺氧诱导因子3在骨形成、骨重塑中的作用机制目前尚未有研究涉及。④在骨质疏松症中,成骨细胞数量、成骨功能及血管形成能力下降,抑制部分缺氧诱导因子α表达,引起骨量减少、骨密度下降,增加了骨折发生风险。⑤在骨关节炎中,缺氧诱导因子2α呈明显高表达,其通过调控炎性因子、基质分解酶类等分解代谢基因的表达,刺激所介导的软骨细胞凋亡,并加速软骨成分破坏。⑥在软骨肉瘤中,新血管的生成与缺氧诱导因子1α过表达相关,缺氧诱导因子1α可作为软骨肉瘤中与肿瘤新血管生成相关的恶性标志物,缺氧诱导因子1抑制治疗可干预软骨肉瘤中的血管生成。⑦缺氧诱导因子对骨稳态失衡类疾病的血管生成过程及成骨细胞、破骨细胞、软骨细胞组织的增殖与活性具有重要调控作用,因此研发缺氧诱导因子相关激活类或抑制类药物,对修复骨缺损、加快骨折愈合、改善骨关节炎症等骨稳态失衡类病变有十分积极的意义。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-6586 (李宏元) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 缺氧诱导因子, HIF-1, HIF-2, 骨形成, 骨重塑, 骨稳态失衡类疾病, 骨肿瘤, 调控机制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor is a key gene expression regulator in the bone hypoxia microenvironment. It is of great significance to understand the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factors in bone formation and remodeling, and to analyze its effect on bone homeostasis imbalance diseases for exploring new ways to prevent and treat bone homeostasis imbalance diseases. 
OBJECTIVE: To consult relevant medical articles at home and abroad to review and analyze the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factors in the process of bone formation and bone remodeling, as well as the research progress of the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factors and bone homeostasis disorders. 
METHODS: In April 2021, we searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, NCBI, and PubMed for articles published from 2000 to 2021, with the Chinese and English key words of “hypoxia inducible factor, bone formation, bone remodeling, bone homeostasis disorders, regulatory mechanism”. Through the sorting and analysis of relevant data, the mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factors on bone formation and bone remodeling were reviewed and the effect of hypoxia-inducible factors on bone homeostasis disorders was analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α overexpression in osteoblasts under the hypoxic stress promotes bone formation and increases long bone volume, while the significant upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α expression in osteoblasts promotes osteoclast maturation and differentiation and causes progressive bone loss. (2) Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in osteoblasts impairs osteoclast activity, reduces bone resorption, and improves bone remodeling. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α mediates the regulation between osteoblasts and osteoclasts to achieve bone remodeling. (3) The mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-3 in bone formation and bone remodeling has not been studied yet. (4) In osteoporosis, the decrease in osteoblast number, osteogenic function and angiogenic capacity inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-α, causing a decrease in bone mass and bone density, which increases the risk of fracture. (5) In osteoarthritis, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α is significantly overexpressed, which stimulates chondrocyte apoptosis mediated by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, matrix catabolic enzymes and other catabolic genes, and accelerates cartilage component. (6) In chondrosarcoma, neoangiogenesis is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α overexpression, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α can be used as a malignant marker associated with tumor neoangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition therapy can interfere with angiogenesis in chondrosarcoma. (7) Hypoxia-inducible factor plays an important role in regulating the angiogenesis process and the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes in bone homeostasis imbalance diseases. The development of hypoxia-inducible factor-related activating or inhibiting drugs is very positive for repairing bone defects, accelerating fracture healing, improving bone joint inflammation and other bone homeostasis imbalance lesions.

Key words: hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1, HIF-2, bone formation, bone remodeling, bone homeostasis disorders, bone tumor, regulatory mechanism

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