中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (33): 5329-5334.doi: 10.12307/2021.322

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨近端肿瘤型人工假体保肢治疗中肌瓣的作用

高  原1,2,夏铁男1 ,刘金鑫1,商冠宁1   

  1. 1中国医科大学附属盛京医院骨与软组织肿瘤科,辽宁省沈阳市   110004;2贵州省骨科医院骨科,贵州省贵阳市   550000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-18 修回日期:2021-01-20 接受日期:2021-03-06 出版日期:2021-11-28 发布日期:2021-08-05
  • 通讯作者: 商冠宁,博士,硕士生导师,主任医师,中国医科大学附属盛京医院骨与软组织肿瘤科,辽宁省沈阳市 110004
  • 作者简介:高原,男,1988年生,辽宁省沈阳市人,汉族,2019年中国医科大学毕业,硕士,医师。
  • 基金资助:
    国家癌症攀登课题(NCC201806B012),项目负责人:商冠宁

Effect of muscle flap in limb salvage operation of tumor type prosthesis of proximal tibia

Gao Yuan1,2, Xia Tienan1, Liu Jinxin1, Shang Guanning1   

  1. 1Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Province Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-18 Revised:2021-01-20 Accepted:2021-03-06 Online:2021-11-28 Published:2021-08-05
  • Contact: Shang Guanning, MD, Master’s supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Gao Yuan, Master, Physician, Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Province Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Cancer Climbing Project, No. NCC201806B012 (to SGN)

摘要:

文题释义:
新辅助化疗:是指在实施局部治疗方法(如手术或放疗)前所做的全身化疗,目的是使肿块缩小、及早杀灭看不见的转移细胞,以利于后续的手术和放疗等治疗。对于早期肿瘤患者通常可以通过局部治疗方案治愈,并不需要做新辅助化疗;而对于晚期肿瘤患者由于失去了根治肿瘤的机会,通常也不采用新辅助化疗的方法。
旋转铰链式人工膝关节假体:为现代铰链式膝关节假体模式的代表,此型人工膝关节在设计上采用了固定轴理论,并遵循了低磨损、可旋转和自身稳定的原理;超高分子聚乙烯及钴铬合金关节面可以保证膝关节的屈伸和旋转,同时旋转功能可以有效缓解屈伸活动中应力对骨水泥界面的剪切力。
背景:胫骨近端肿瘤型假体置换后易出现局部假体外露、感染等并发症。通过转移腓肠肌内侧肌瓣覆盖胫骨假体表面,可有效降低术后并发症发生风险,但在长节段胫骨近端人工假体置换中单纯应用腓肠肌肌瓣转移覆盖胫骨假体面积有限,需要联合其他修复方式进行重建。
目的:观察应用腓肠肌、比目鱼肌肌瓣转移修复胫骨假体置换后软组织缺损的临床效果。
方法:纳入中国医科大学附属盛京医院于2017年3月至2020年6月收治的胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤患者17例,对所有肿瘤均行瘤段切除,肿瘤型人工膝关节假体置换手术治疗。当胫骨假体长度与腓肠肌肌瓣最大宽度差≤腓肠肌肌瓣最大宽度时,单独应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移即可重建胫前软组织缺损;当胫骨假体长度与腓肠肌肌瓣最大宽度差大于腓肠肌肌瓣最大宽度时,应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣联合比目鱼肌肌瓣覆盖胫骨假体。术后定期随访患者,下肢功能通过国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会评分系统评价。
结果与结论:①17例患者均获随访,平均随访(17.5±9.8)个月;②全部患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染和皮瓣坏死并发症,其中1例骨肉瘤患者行膝关节假体置换后1年因化疗后假体周围感染行截肢治疗,未见肿瘤假体翻修、肿瘤转移及死亡病例;③患者国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会评分平均24分,其中优10例,良2例,可5例,膝关节屈曲角度为(84.76±12.88)°;④上述数据证实,在行胫骨近端肿瘤型人工假体保肢治疗中,患者可根据胫骨假体长度与腓肠肌肌瓣最大宽度差选择腓肠肌、比目鱼肌肌瓣转移修复软组织缺损,可无张力、充分地覆盖假体表面,有效减少局部并发症。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-0563 (高原) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-2845 (商冠宁) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 胫骨近端, 骨肿瘤, 肿瘤型人工膝关节假体, 软组织缺损, 腓肠肌肌瓣, 比目鱼肌肌瓣, 伸膝装置, 保肢术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prosthesis replacement with tumors of the proximal tibia will lead to complications such as local prosthesis exposure and infection. The transfer of the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap to cover the surface of the tibial prosthesis can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative complications. However, in the replacement of the long-segment proximal tibia prosthesis, the transfer of the gastrocnemius muscle flap to cover the tibia is only used. The area of the prosthesis is limited, and it needs to be reconstructed with other repair methods.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of applying gastrocnemius muscle flap and soleus muscle flap to repair the soft tissue defect after tibial prosthesis replacement.
METHODS:  From March 2017 to June 2020, 17 patients with proximal tibia malignant bone tumor admitted to the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. All tumors were treated by tumor segment resection and tumor knee prosthesis replacement. The medial gastrocnemius muscle flap alone was used to reconstruct the anterior tibial soft tissue defect, when the difference between the length of the tibia prosthesis and the maximum width of the gastrocnemius muscle flap was less than or equal to the maximum width of the gastrocnemius muscle flap. The medial gastrocnemius muscle flap combined with the soleus muscle flap could effectively cover the tibial prosthesis without tension, when the difference between the length of the tibia prosthesis and the maximum width of the gastrocnemius muscle flap was greater than the maximum width of the gastrocnemius muscle flap. Patients were followed up regularly after surgery, and lower limb function was evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All 17 patients were followed up, with a mean of (17.5±9.8) months. (2) The incisions were healing by first intention in all patients without infection, skin flap necrosis and other complications. One patient with osteosarcoma underwent amputation due to periprosthesis infection after chemotherapy one year after knee prosthesis replacement, and there was no case of revision of tumor prosthesis, metastasis or death. (3) Musculoskeletal tumor society score was averagely 24 points, of which 10 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good and 5 cases were fair. The knee flexion angle was (84.76±12.88)°. (4) Above data confirmed that during limb salvage treatment of tumor prosthesis of proximal tibia, gastrocnemius muscle flap and soleus muscle flap were selected to repair soft tissue defects according to the difference between the length of tibia prosthesis and the maximum width of gastrocnemius muscle flap, which could fully cover the prosthesis surface without tension and effectively reduce local complications.

Key words: bone, proximal tibia, bone tumors, tumor knee prosthesis, soft tissue defect, gastrocnemius muscle flap, soleus muscle flap, apparatus of extention knee, limb salvage

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