中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 695-700.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3001

• 脊柱组织构建 spinal tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

雷帕霉素保护实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脊髓神经元的作用途径

谢  阳,张淑江,刘梦兰,罗  映,杨  洋,李作孝   

  1. 西南医科大学附属第一医院神经内科,四川省泸州市   646000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-24 修回日期:2020-03-30 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-02-18 发布日期:2020-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 李作孝,硕士,教授,主任医师,西南医科大学附属第一医院神经内科,四川省泸州市 646000
  • 作者简介:谢阳,男,1992年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,2017年西南医科大学毕业, 硕士,医师,主要从事脑血管介入、神经免疫研究。
  • 基金资助:
    泸州市人民政府基金课题(2018LZXNYD-ZK17)

Mechanism by which rapamycin protects spinal cord neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Xie Yang, Zhang Shujiang, Liu Menglan, Luo Ying, Yang Yang, Li Zuoxiao   

  1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-24 Revised:2020-03-30 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-02-18 Published:2020-11-28
  • Contact: Li Zuoxiao, Master, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Xie Yang, Master, Physician, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Luzhou Municipal People’s Government Fund, No. 2018LZXNYD-ZK17

摘要:

文题释义:
雷帕霉素:不仅是一种新型的免疫抑制剂,也同样是一种自噬诱导剂,它是通过特异性抑制哺乳动物的雷帕霉素靶蛋白即mTOR信号通路而激活自噬,而且它可以选择性对mTOR蛋白以及下游P70S6激酶参与蛋白质合成的磷酸化水平进行抑制,从而诱导自噬,雷帕霉素还能够对溶酶体生物合成产生正性效应,从而增加自噬溶酶体产生,使得细胞损伤后残余的病理蛋白质清除能力显著增强,并可以抑制神经元及神经胶质细胞凋亡和减少聚集体的大量产生。
自噬:它能够对蛋白质质量实现精准调控,从而更好地维持神经元结构功能的稳定性,在诸如帕金森病、亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病中都发现存在着自噬的缺陷,导致大量残余蛋白蓄积诱发氧化应激反应等而引起疾病的发生发展,自噬的调控存在着多种途径,其中mTOR依赖的自噬途径在体内通过对蛋白质平衡的调控而对神经元的功能结构稳定发挥着关键的作用。

背景:当前就自噬的有关报道较多,但神经元中自噬水平改变与神经元保护机制的关系未有明确定论。
目的:探究mTOR自噬通路抑制剂雷帕霉素是否通过调控P70S6K及mTOR蛋白水平激活自噬发挥对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脊髓神经元的保护作用。
方法:将54只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组及雷帕霉素组,每组18只,模型组及雷帕霉素组注射含MOG35-55的完全弗氏佐剂和百日咳菌稀释液进行实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎造模,雷帕霉素组小鼠在免疫当日开始腹腔注射雷帕霉素[1 mg/(kg·d)],正常组与模型组则每天同一时间注射等量生理盐水,将小鼠在发病高峰期时处死,正常组和其余未发病小鼠在饲养4周后处死并取出脊髓组织,分离出腰膨大段组织,分别进行尼氏染色行脊髓组织病理观察,免疫荧光双标染色观察脊髓组织中自噬标志物LC3与NeuN的表达及共定位情况,Western blot检测脊髓组织中mTOR、P70S6K蛋白及其磷酸化水平。
结果与结论:①正常组小鼠均未发病,模型组和雷帕霉素组小鼠均不同程度发病,雷帕霉素组与模型组比较,潜伏期有延长(P < 0.01),进展期缩短明显(P < 0.01),高峰期时的神经功能障碍评分有所下降(P < 0.05);②模型组尼氏小体数量在发病高峰期时相较于正常组明显降低(P < 0.05),而雷帕霉素组尼氏小体数量相较于模型组明显增加,但仍然低于正常组(P < 0.05);③模型组小鼠脊髓神经元中自噬标志物LC3散乱分布无明显点状聚集现象,而雷帕霉素组小鼠脊髓神经元中LC3呈明显的点状聚集,LC3与NeuN的分布基本一致;④模型组和雷帕霉素组mTOR及P70S6K蛋白的磷酸化水平高于正常组,但雷帕霉素组mTOR及P70S6K蛋白的磷酸化水平却低于模型组;⑤结果表明,雷帕霉素可能通过抑制P70S6K及mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平从而激活自噬,对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脊髓神经元起保护作用。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-0014 (谢阳) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 雷帕霉素, 变态反应性脑脊髓炎, 脊髓, 神经元, 尼氏小体, 自噬, 蛋白, 鼠, 实验

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are increasing reports about autophagy, but the relationship between the level of autophagy in neurons and the neuroprotection mechanism is not clear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether rapamycin, an mammalian target of rapacmycin (mTOR) autophagy pathway inhibitor, could activate autophagy by mediating the P70s6k and mTOR protein levels to protect spinal cord neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. 
METHODS: Fifty-four healthy female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control group, model group and treatment group, with 18 mice in each group. Mice in the model group and treatment group were injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant containing MOG35-55 and pertussis diluent for establishing models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. At the same time, the mice in the treatment group were given rapamycin (1 mg/kg per day), and those in the model and control groups were given the same amount of normal saline. The mice in the model and treatment were sacrificed at the peak of the onset, and the non-morbid mice, including those in the control group, were sacrificed after 4 weeks of feeding. The spinal cord tissue from each animal was taken to isolate the intumescentia lumbalis of the spinal cord. Nissl staining was used for pathological observation of the spinal cord tissue. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to observe the expression and co-localization of autophagy markers LC3 and NeuN in spinal cord tissue. Western blot was used to detect mTOR, P70S6K proteins and their phosphorylation levels in spinal cord tissue.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No mice in the control group had an attack, but those in the other groups developed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to different extents. Compared with the model group, the treatment group had prolonged incubation time (P < 0.01), shortened progressive stage (P < 0.01), and decreased neurologic dysfunction score (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group had the significantly less number of Nissl bodies (P < 0.05), while the number of Nissl bodies in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model group, but still lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In the model group, LC3 was scattered in the spinal cord neurons and had no obvious dot-like aggregation, whereas in the treatment group, LC3 showed obvious dot-like aggregation, and its distribution was basically consistent with that of NeuN. The phosphorylation levels of mTOR and P70S6K proteins were highest in the model group, followed by the treatment group and control group in turn. To conclude, rapamycin might through inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and P70S6K proteins activate the activity of autophagy to protect the spinal cord neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.

Key words: rapamycin, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, spinal cord, neuron, Nissl body, autophagy, protein, mouse, experiment

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