中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (26): 4190-4195.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2708

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

口服辛伐他汀3个月可改善慢性脑低灌注模型大鼠的学习记忆功能

牟子超1,王  2,王小艳1,李思宇1,王志强2,王庆松12   

  1. 1西南交通大学医学院,四川省成都市  6100312西部战区总医院神经内科,四川省成都市  610083

  • 收稿日期:2019-11-07 修回日期:2019-11-14 接受日期:2019-12-20 出版日期:2020-09-18 发布日期:2020-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 王庆松,博士后,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,西南交通大学医学院,四川省成都市 610003;西部战区总医院神经内科,四川省成都市 610083
  • 作者简介:牟子超,男,1992年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,西南交通大学在读硕士,主要从事卒中后认知障碍研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省卫计委科学研究项目(16PJ014)

Oral simvastatin for 3 continuous months improves learning and memory ability of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats

Mou Zichao1, Wang Dan2, Wang Xiaoyan1, Li Siyu1, Wang Zhiqiang2, Wang Qingsong1, 2    

  1. 1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Neurology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China

  • Received:2019-11-07 Revised:2019-11-14 Accepted:2019-12-20 Online:2020-09-18 Published:2020-09-02
  • Contact: Wang Qingsong, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Neurology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Mou Zichao, Master candidate, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:

     the Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 16PJ014

摘要:

文题释义:

辛伐他汀是临床常用的降脂药,可以穿过血脑屏障,起到改善脑缺血所致氧化应激和炎症反应的作用。基质金属蛋白酶9是认知功能受损的关键蛋白,辛伐他汀可增加海马区基质金属蛋白酶9的表达,从而改善血管性认知障碍和痴呆患者的学习记忆功能。

慢性脑低灌注:血管危险因素与神经退行性病变和痴呆的发生密切相关,慢性脑低灌注是痴呆的早期阶段特点,同时也是认知功能下降的预警指标。慢性脑低灌注的发生导致多种神经病理学改变,如神经炎性反应、少突胶质细胞丢失、脑白质损伤等。改善慢性脑低灌注阶段的缺血缺氧性损伤对学习记忆功能的维持和痴呆预防的意义重大。

背景:慢性脑低灌注状态与认知功能下降显著相关,前期研究发现线粒体老化、沉默突触增加、α-突触核蛋白等是其重要的病理改变,而传统调脂药物辛伐他汀可穿过血脑屏障发挥抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血栓形成及抗炎效应等改善认知功能。

目的观察持续口服辛伐他汀3个月对慢性脑低灌注雄性SD大鼠认知功能的影响,探讨辛伐他汀对防治血管性认知障碍和痴呆的临床意义。

方法SD大鼠随机分为慢性脑低灌注组、假手术组、溶剂组、辛伐他汀组。①慢性脑低灌注组:结扎双侧颈总动脉;②假手术组:除不结扎双侧颈总动脉外,其余造模步骤一致;③溶剂组:大鼠造模后给予溶剂0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃,以排除溶剂对实验的干扰;④辛伐他汀组:大鼠造模后给予辛伐他汀混悬液灌胃。持续干预3个月,行为学检测各组大鼠学习记忆情况,Western Blot检测突触前膜及后膜关键蛋白突触素、突触后密度蛋白95表达。实验方案经西部战区总医院动物实验伦理委员会批准,批准号为2019ky79

结果与结论:①行为学检测结果:与假手术组对比,慢性脑低灌注组大鼠的学习记忆明显受损,表现为:旷场实验的5 min总行程明显降低(P < 0.05),提示自主探索行为受损;定位航行实验中逃避潜伏期明显延长(P < 0.05),提示参考记忆受损;空间探索实验中大鼠穿越平台次数及目标象限时间均减少,说明空间探索能力下降。而辛伐他汀组上述指标均显著改善。②Western Blot检测结果:慢性脑低灌注组大鼠海马CA1区突触素及突触后密度蛋白95表达下降(P < 0.05),而辛伐他汀组这两种蛋白表达较溶剂组上升。③说明慢性脑低灌注状态可使大鼠学习记忆功能明显受损,认知水平下降;持续口服辛伐他汀3个月可改善慢性脑低灌注大鼠的认知功能;提示临床上辛伐他汀或可作为改善血管性认知障碍和痴呆患者预后的辅助用药。

ORCID: 0000-0003-3385-2659(牟子超)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 辛伐他汀, 慢性脑低灌注, 突触后密度蛋白95, 突触素, 血管性认知障碍, 痴呆

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is significantly associated with cognitive decline. Our previous studies have found that mitochondrial aging, increased silent synapses and α-synuclein are important pathological changes of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Simvastatin is a traditional lipid regulation agent that can traverse the blood brain barrier, and exerts anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammatory effects to improve cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of continuous oral simvastatin for 3 months on cognitive function of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion male Sprague-Dawley rats, and explore the clinical significance of simvastatin in preventing and treating vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group, sham group, solvent group and simvastatin group. In the model group, rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. In the sham group, the bilateral common carotid arteries were not ligated. In the solvent group, the model rats were intragastrically treated with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium. In the simvastatin group, the model rats were intragastrically treated with simvastatin suspension. Interventions in each group lasted for 3 months. Behavioral tests were then used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats in each group. The expressions of synaptophysin and post-synaptic density 95, key proteins of presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane, were detected by western blot. Ethical approval was obtained from the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command with approval No. 2019ky79.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the learning and memory functions of the rats in the model group were significantly impaired. In the open-field test, the moving distance within 5 minutes was significantly reduced in the model group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05), suggesting that autonomous exploration behavior was impaired. In the place navigation test, escape latency was significantly shortened in the model group, implicating the reference memory was damaged. In the spatial probe test, the frequency of passing through the platform and the time for passing through target quadrant were reduced, indicating that the space exploration ability was reduced. In the simvastatin group, however, these indexes were all improved. Western blot results showed that the protein expression of synaptophysin and post-synaptic density 95 decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05), but increased in the simvastatin group as compared with the solvent group. Therefore, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can significantly impair learning and memory function and reduce cognitive level in rats. Continuous oral simvastatin for 3 months can improve cognitive function in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats, which indicates that simvastatin may be used as an adjunctive drug to improve the prognosis of patients with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

Key words: simvastatin, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, post-synaptic density 95, synaptophysin, vascular cognitive impairment, dementia

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