中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 621-626.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.04.022

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外囊泡研究新进展

王  琎1,陈建英2   

  1. 1广东医科大学研究生院,广东省湛江市  524001;2广东医科大学附属医院心内三区,广东省湛江市  524001
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-26 出版日期:2017-02-08 发布日期:2017-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 通讯作者:陈建英,主任医师,硕士生导师,广东医科大学附属医院心内三区,广东省湛江市 524001
  • 作者简介:王琎,女,1989年生,汉族,河南省人,硕士。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81370242)

Research progress of extracellular vesicles

Wang Jin1, Chen Jian-ying2   

  1. 1Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China; 2Third Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2016-11-26 Online:2017-02-08 Published:2017-03-13
  • Contact: Corresponding author: Chen Jian-ying, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Third Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jin, Master, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81370242

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:是由脂质双分子层包绕形成的球状膜性囊泡,是细胞自发或在一定条件下释放出的一种亚细胞成份,实质上是一组纳米级颗粒,近年来学界研究的热点,包括外泌体、膜微粒及微囊泡等。
自噬:这是发生在细胞代谢过程以清除代谢废物或维持细胞器更新的一种现象,其过程如下:首先细胞的一些成分将部分细胞质和(或)细胞内需降解的细胞器、蛋白质等成分包裹起来形成自噬体,接着自噬体与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,降解其所包裹的内容物,目前研究发现自噬在机体的生理和病理过程中均能见到。

摘要
背景:
细胞外囊泡是细胞旁分泌产生的一种亚细胞成分,近年来学界研究的热点——外泌体、膜微粒及微囊泡等均在其范畴。
目的:就细胞外囊泡定义分类、形成释放过程、分离鉴定方法、生物学意义及其在临床疾病和生物医学研究中应用等方面的最新进展作一综述。
方法:由第一作者在PubMed、CNKI等数据库中进行文献检索,关键词为”Extracellular Vesicles,exosome,microvesicle,microparticle”及“细胞外囊泡、外泌体、微囊泡、膜微粒”。检索时间为2006年7月至2016年8月。
结果与结论:共纳入44篇文献。几乎所有的细胞都能产生细胞外囊泡,其中含有脂质、蛋白质、核酸(DNA、mRNA及microRNA、lncRNA、circRNA等noncodingRNA)等多种母细胞来源的生物活性成份,这些信息物质包裹在囊泡中或携带于膜上。他们参与炎症免疫反应、细胞间信号通讯、细胞存活与凋亡、血管新生、血栓形成、自噬等,在生理状态维持及疾病的进程中发挥重要作用。特定类型的细胞外囊泡有望成为辅助疾病诊断及预后判断的新分子标记物;在抗肿瘤治疗、再生医学、免疫调节等方面也有着广阔前景;能为干细胞治疗非细胞途径开辟新路径;有可能作为疫苗或药物的天然载体为临床治疗带来福音。细胞外囊泡分泌的分子机制及其作用于靶细胞引起生物学功能变化的具体成分及其信号通路尚在研究中,以研究miRNA者为主,近年来lncRNA、circRNA开始成为新星逐渐走进学者视野。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-4494-3898(王琎)

关键词: 组织构建, 组织工程, 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 组织再生, 自噬, 药物载体, 非编码RNA, 免疫炎症, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a kind of subcellular component produced by paracine      mechanism including exosomes, microparticles and microvesicles, which have become hotspots in recent years.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and progress of EVs, especially in the studies about definition, secreting mechanism, isolation and identification, biological characteristics and functions in diseases as well as in biomedical research. 
METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed and CNKI databases for relative articles published from July 2006 to August 2016. The keywords were “extracellular vesicles, exosome, microvesicle, microparticle” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 44 eligible literatures are enrolled. Almost all cells can secrete EVs, which contain a variety of metrocyte-derived bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and non-coding RNA. These bioactive molecules are encapsulated in EVs or binding with the membrane. EVs are described to be involved in inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, cell survival and apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombogenesis, and autophagy, which are of great significance to the maintenance of homeostasis and disease progression. Special EVs may be used as new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases and serve as novel tools in the fields of antitumor therapy, regenerative medicine, immunoregulation and vaccination and drug delivery. But the molecular mechanisms regulating the secretion of EVs and the specific pathways activated upon EVs interaction with the target cell are not fully understood. Based on miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA are attracting researchers’ attention.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Exosomes, Regeneration, Autophage, Drug Carriers

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