中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 373-377.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.03.009

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

骨科数字三维重建技术辅助胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉的准确性

陈路遥,胡世锵,王小平,吴纬伟,韦展图,黄 俭   

  1. 中山市小榄镇人民医院脊柱创伤骨科,广东省中山市 528415
  • 修回日期:2016-12-02 出版日期:2017-01-28 发布日期:2017-03-14
  • 作者简介:陈路遥,男,1980年生,广西壮族自治区百色市人,主治医师,主要从事脊柱创伤骨科研究。
  • 基金资助:

    2016年中山市卫生和计划生育局医学科研项目(2016J145)

Accuracy of digital orthopedic three-dimensional reconstruction for thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement  

Chen Lu-yao, Hu Shi-qiang, Wang Xiao-ping, Wu Wei-wei, Wei Zhan-tu, Huang Jian   

  1. Department of Spinal Trauma Orthopedics, Zhongshan City Xiaolan Town People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528415, Guangdong Province, China
  • Revised:2016-12-02 Online:2017-01-28 Published:2017-03-14
  • About author:Chen Lu-yao, Attending physician, Department of Spinal Trauma Orthopedics, Zhongshan City Xiaolan Town People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528415, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Medical Scientific Research Project of Health and Family Planning Bureau of Zhongshan City in 2016, No.2016J145

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
文题释义:
三维数字化:运用三维工具(软件或仪器)来实现模型的虚拟创建、修改、完善、分析等一系列的数字化操作,从而达到用户的目的。通过人工获取物品的外形数据,将获得的数据信息进行加工拼接,以建模的方式加以整理,将各个孤立单视角三维数字模型无缝集成,经过贴图、渲染处理以后,形成三维数据文件。三维数字模型与二维数字模型类似,都要具备最基本的空间数据处理能力。相比于二维数字模型,三维数据模型具有更多优势。
数字骨科学的研究主要包括3个方面:①数字骨科解剖学,是通过计算机技术将人体骨与软组织等解剖结构数字化,从而获得可以看得见的、动态的、能够调控的虚拟人体形态,是医学解剖学与计算机技术、信息技术相结合的成果。骨科数字化解剖可以让使用者自由地观察、移动、旋转和生成解剖结构,更加快捷地学习和掌握解剖信息,充分展示个性化解剖特征;②数字骨科手术学,通过建立骨骼及相关软组织病变骨折、骨病等三维模型,可以直观、动态地观察、分析骨折和骨病情况。同时利用计算机技术建立虚拟的骨科手术器械库,进行手术设计、手术模拟,并将手术方案应用于实际手术,加以验证,不断完善和充实数据库;③骨科虚拟教学,建立骨科虚拟仿真系统,使练习者沉浸于虚拟的场景内,通过视、触、嗅、听等手段了解和学习各种手术实际操作,可应用于手术操作教学、培训和手术规划等。与传统的手术训练相比,具有不会对患者造成伤害、可重复等优点。
 
摘要
背景:随着近年来更精密的影像学仪器的出现,骨科术前检查变得更清晰、准确,借助三维重建技术势必能提高椎弓根钉置入的准确性。
目的:探讨数字化三维重建技术辅助胸腰椎椎弓根钉置入的准确性和安全性。
方法:收集因脊柱疾病行椎弓根内固定的患者200例,随机分为2组,一组采用传统解剖标志法结合术中透视定位置入椎弓根螺钉(徒手置钉组),一组利用数字化三维重建技术辅助置入胸椎椎弓根钉(辅助置钉组)。通过对比虚拟置钉前后的脊柱数字化模型,记录完成钉道准备时间、手术出血量、置钉准确率、椎弓根神经血管损伤情况。
结果与结论:①徒手置钉组、辅助置钉组椎弓根螺钉置入准确率分别为85%和99%,两组一次性置入成功率分别为80%和95%,置钉优良率分别为86%和96%,差异无显著性意义(均P > 0.05);②徒手置钉组完成钉道准备时间为(5.87±1.34) min,置钉出血量为(10.08±7.58) mL;辅助置钉组完成钉道准备时间为(3.91±2.28) min,置钉出血量为(18.31±8.56) mL,两项指标组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③徒手置钉组神经损伤6例,血管损伤8例;辅助置钉组神经损伤0例,血管损伤1例,两组神经、血管损伤情况比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④结果表明,数字化三维重建技术辅助胸腰椎椎弓根钉置入的准确性高、置钉安全。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID:
0000-0001-5901-7809(陈路遥)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 数字化骨科, 数字三维重建技术, 胸腰椎, 椎弓根螺钉, 徒手置钉

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the emergence of more sophisticated imaging instruments in recent years, orthopedic preoperative examination becomes more clear and accurate. With the help of three-dimensional reconstruction technology, it is bound to improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy and safety of digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screw.
METHODS: 200 cases of pedicle screw fixation were collected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with traditional anatomical landmarks combined with intraoperative fluoroscopic fixation of pedicle screws. Assisted thoracic pedicle screws were implanted with digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique. Preparation time, the amount of bleeding, accuracy of pedicle screw placement, and neurovascular injury of pedicle were recorded by comparing the preoperative and postoperative spine digital models of the pre-and post-virtual spine.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The accuracy rate of pedicle screw placement was 85% and 99% in the nail-hand nail group and the auxiliary nail group respectively, and the success rate of one-time placement was 80% and 95%; the excellent and good rates of placement were 86% and 96%, respectively (P > 0.05). (2) The preparation time of nail channel was (5.87±1.34) minutes and the volume of blood loss during nailing was (10.08±7.58) mL in the nail-hand nailing group. The preparation time of nail channel was (3.91±2.28) minutes and the volume of blood loss during nailing was (18.31±8.56) mL in the auxiliary nail group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). (3) Nerve injury occurred in six cases, and vascular injury in eight cases in the nail-hand nailing group. Nerve injury occurred in 0 case, and vascular injury in one case in the auxiliary nail group. There were significant differences in nerve and vascular injuries between the two groups (P < 0.05). (4) These results confirm that the accuracy and safety of digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the treatment of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement are high. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Internal Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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