中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (30): 4891-4899.doi: 10.12307/2021.279

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

骨水泥强化空心侧孔与常规椎弓根螺钉内固定修复骨质疏松椎体效果及安全性Meta分析

郭海威1,谢家豪1,林燕平2,王羽丰3,杨清淇4   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405;2广州中医药大学第三临床医学院,广东省广州市   510006;3广东省中医院,广东省广州市   510120;4广州医科大学,广东省广州市   511436
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-21 修回日期:2021-01-23 接受日期:2021-02-18 出版日期:2021-10-28 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 王羽丰,博士,硕士生导师,副主任医师。广东省中医院,广东省广州市 510120
  • 作者简介:郭海威,男,1993年生,广东省梅州市人,汉族,广州中医药大学第二临床医学院在读硕士,医师,主要从事脊柱骨科方向的研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家中医临床研究基地业务建设科研专项(JDZX2015081),项目参与人:王羽丰

Effects and safety of fenestrated and conventional pedicle screw combined with cement-augmentation in osteoporotic vertebral fixation: a meta-analysis

Guo Haiwei1, Xie Jiahao1, Lin Yanping2, Wang Yufeng3, Yang Qingqi4   

  1. 1The Second Affiliated Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2The Third Affiliated Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China; 4Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-21 Revised:2021-01-23 Accepted:2021-02-18 Online:2021-10-28 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Wang Yufeng, MD, Master’s supervisor, Associate chief physician, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Guo Haiwei, Master candidate, Physician, The Second Affiliated Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Research Project for Practice Development of National TCM Clinical Research Bases, No. JDZX2015081 (WYF)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨质疏松症:WHO指出,骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减低、骨微结构破坏导致骨脆性增加、易发生骨折为特征的全身性骨病。
空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉:一种新型的椎弓根螺钉,其内部中空,侧边有一定数量的骨水泥灌注孔,可通过配套的骨水泥推杆等灌注骨水泥从而实现骨质疏松椎体的强化。
目的:骨水泥强化空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉近年来被广泛应用于合并骨质疏松的脊柱内固定修复中,可以显著提高固定强度和稳定性,但与常规强化方式比较,是否更具有优势尚无定论。文章比较骨质疏松椎体内固定采用空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉与常规椎弓根螺钉结合骨水泥的修复效果差异。
方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献服务系统中关于空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉与常规椎弓根螺钉结合骨水泥强化在骨质疏松椎体内固定术中的临床对照研究。由2名评价者严格按照纳入标准及排除标准对相关文献进行筛选,并独立进行数据提取及质量评价,随机对照试验采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具进行质量评价,回顾性队列研究采用NOS量表进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,比较2种方式的临床疗效、放射学结果及相关并发症差异。
结果:①共纳入12篇文献,包括6项随机对照试验,6项回顾性队列研究,共包含823例患者,空心侧孔螺钉组408例,常规螺钉组415例;②Meta分析结果显示:两组在手术时间、住院时间、术后目测类比评分、JOA评分、ODI评分、Cobb角、椎体变形指数和融合率方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);空心侧孔螺钉组在术中出血量(MD=-10.66,95%CI:-18.63至-2.68,P=0.009)、术后椎体前缘丢失高度(MD=
-0.62,95%CI:-0.89至-0.35,P < 0.000 01)和总体并发症发生率(RR=0.44,95%CI:0.32-0.60,P < 0.000 01),包括骨水泥渗漏率(RR=0.59,95%CI:0.40-0.88,P=0.009)、螺钉松脱率(RR=0.29,95%CI:0.13-0.61,P=0.001)显著低于常规螺钉组。
结论:现有的临床证据表明,与常规椎弓根螺钉结合骨水泥强修复相比,骨质疏松椎体内固定中采用空心侧孔椎弓根螺钉修复可减少术中出血量、更有利于维持椎体高度,并显著减少了术后骨水泥渗漏和螺钉松脱等并发症的发生率。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3572-6920 (郭海威) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-3875 (王羽丰)

关键词: 椎弓根螺钉, 内固定, 骨水泥强化, 骨水泥渗漏, 骨质疏松, 螺钉松脱, 并发症, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cement-augmentation fenestrated pedicle screws have been widely used in spinal internal fixation surgery combined with osteoporosis in recent years, which can significantly improve the fixation strength and stability, but compared with conventional methods, whether it has more advantages is still inconclusive. To compare the difference in repair effect between the fenestrated and conventional pedicle screw combined with cement-augmentation in osteoporotic vertebrae fixation.
METHODS: Studies compared the fenestrated pedicle screw and the conventional pedicle screw combined with cement-augmentation in osteoporotic vertebrae fixation were retrieved from the electronic database of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the relevant articles which were screened strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality evaluation of studies included was carried out according to the Cochrane collaboration’s tool for randomized controlled trials or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for retrospective cohort studies. Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software to compare the clinical efficacy, radiological results and complications of the two methods. 
RESULTS: (1) Totally 12 articles were eventually included into this meta-analysis, involving 6 randomized controlled studies and 6 retrospective cohort studies, totaling 823 patients with 408 cases in the fenestrated pedicle screw group and 415 cases in the conventional pedicle screw group. (2) Meta-analysis results showed there was no statistical significance in operation time, inpatient time, postoperative visual analogue scale score, JOA score, ODI score, Cobb angle, deformation index of vertebrae, and fusion rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the conventional pedicle screw group, the fenestrated pedicle screw group had less intraoperative blood loss (MD=-10.66, 95%CI:-18.63 to -2.68, P=0.009), less loss of anterior vertebral height (MD=-0.62, 95%CI:
-0.89 to -0.35), P < 0.000 01) and lower incidence of complications (RR=0.44, 95%CI:0.32-0.60, P < 0.000 01), including bone cement leakage (RR=0.59, 95%CI:0.40-0.88, P=0.009) and screw loosening (RR=0.29, 95%CI:0.13-0.61, P=0.001). 
CONCLUSION: The existing clinical evidence shows that compared with conventional pedicle screw combined with cement-augmentation, the fenestrated pedicle screw combined with cement-augmentation can reduce intraoperative blood loss, maintain vertebral height and significantly reduce the incidence of complications such as bone cement leakage and screw loosening in osteoporotic vertebral fixation.

Key words: pedicle screw, internal fixation, cement-augmentation, bone cement leakage, osteoporosis, screw loosening, complications, meta-analysis

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