中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 408-413.doi: 10.12307/2022.067

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

机器人辅助经皮微创置钉对斜外侧腰椎椎间融合治疗效果的影响

冯  硕,刘  波,何  达   

  1. 北京积水潭医院,北京市   100035
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-09 修回日期:2021-03-10 接受日期:2021-04-23 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 作者简介:冯硕,男,1981年生,天津市人,汉族,2008年北京大学医学部毕业,博士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科疾病治疗及相关临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    北京积水潭医院院级科研基金医工企交叉培育项目(YGQ-201905),项目负责人:冯硕;北京积水潭医院院级科研基金(自然基金培育计划)(ZR-201922),项目负责人:冯硕

Effects of robot-assisted percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw placement in oblique lumbar interbody fusion

Feng Shuo, Liu Bo, He Da   

  1. Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2021-03-09 Revised:2021-03-10 Accepted:2021-04-23 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-27
  • About author:Feng Shuo, MD, Associate chief physician, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • Supported by:
    Cross Cultivation Project of Hospital-Level Scientific Research Fund of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. YGQ-201905 (to FS); the Hospital-Level Scientific Research Fund of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (Natural Fund Cultivation Program), No. ZR-201922 (to FS)

摘要:

文题释义:
斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术:2012 年,法国医生SLIVESTRE首先报道了腰椎融合内固定术,即通过腹膜后的腹部血管鞘和腰大肌前缘间的生理间隙进入,到达病变椎间盘,相比于后路椎间融合技术,无需干扰椎管,不损伤后方肌肉、韧带和骨性结构。该技术能够获得足够的椎间盘空间,从而使用较大的融合器,增大融合器与终板接触面积,并可将融合器两端放置于椎体周围致密的骨性隆突上,能增大融合器的支撑强度。同时,该技术可以有效矫正腰椎冠状位和矢状位的畸形,恢复节段力线。
骨科机器人辅助经皮微创置钉:骨科手术机器人通过影像扫描设备获取患者医学影像并上传主控台,医生在机器人主控台进行手术设计规划,包括螺钉的方向、入点、深度,然后依靠机械臂的精准定位进行辅助手术。骨科机器人为经皮微创置入椎弓根螺钉提供了新的辅助技术,这种新技术可能对缩短手术时间、减少术中出血、提高置钉精确性产生积极的影响。

背景:斜外侧腰椎椎间融合这一技术已日趋成熟,但是在后路行椎弓根螺钉内固定时,传统的开放切口X射线透视辅助置钉的手术方式仍然给患者带来较大的创伤。随着科技的进步,机器人辅助手术系统给临床医生提供了新的选择。
目的:探讨行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术时采用骨科机器人辅助经皮微创置钉对临床效果的影响。
方法:北京积水潭医院脊柱外科收治的腰椎疾病患者78例,均行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术,在后路行腰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定时,36例患者(试验组)采取的置钉方式为骨科机器人辅助下经皮微创置钉,42例患者(对照组)采取的置钉方式为X射线透视辅助下开放伤口置钉,比较两组患者的手术时间、目测类比评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数、术中及术后出血量的差异。
结果与结论:试验组手术时间短于对照组(P < 0.05);试验组术后腰痛症状目测类比评分低于对照组(P < 0.05);试验组术中及术后出血量少于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明,在斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术中行腰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定时,采取骨科机器人辅助经皮微创置入椎弓根螺钉的手术方式可以缩短手术时间、减少术中出血,降低手术并发症的风险,而且对腰背部软组织的损伤更小。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-0367 (冯硕) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 斜外侧, 腰椎, 椎间融合, 机器人, 经皮, 微创, 椎弓根螺钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The technique of oblique lumbar interbody fusion has become increasingly mature, but when pedicle screw internal fixation is performed through posterior approach, the fluoroscopy-assisted pedicle screw insertion using a traditional open technique still brings greater trauma to the patient. With the advancement of technology, robot-assisted surgery systems have provided clinicians with new options.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical outcomes of percutaneous robot-assisted minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion in an oblique lumbar interbody fusion procedure.
METHODS:  Totally 78 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who attended Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were treated with oblique lumbar interbody fusion. When lumbar pedicle screw internal fixation was performed through posterior approach, 36 cases (trial group) underwent percutaneous robot-assisted minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion, and 42 cases (control group) underwent fluoroscopy-assisted open invasive screw insertion. The difference in operation time, visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index, intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was compared between the two groups.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The operative time of trial group was shorter than that of control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative visual analogue scale score of the trial group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The amount of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in the trial group was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion in oblique lumbar interbody fusion can shorten the operative time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, lessen risk of surgical complications, and reduce the soft tissue damage of lumbar spine.

Key words: oblique, lumbar, interbody fusion, robot, percutaneous, minimally invasive, pedicle screw

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