中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (36): 5779-5784.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2901

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

超重成年人步态特征与能耗

鹿  琦   

  1. 江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏省南京市  210033
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-10 修回日期:2020-03-17 接受日期:2020-04-22 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-10-27
  • 作者简介:鹿琦,男,1983年生,山西省运城市人,汉族,2010年武汉体育学院毕业,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事体能训练及大众体力活动能耗研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技支撑计划社会发展项目(BE2013726)

Energy consumption and gait characteristics of overweight adults

Lu Qi   

  1. Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing 210033, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-10 Revised:2020-03-17 Accepted:2020-04-22 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-10-27
  • About author:Lu Qi, Master, Associate researcher, Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing 210033, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Science and Technology Support Plan, No. BE2013726

摘要:

文题释义:

能量消耗在中国首次建立并使用能量代谢舱测定成年受试者的运动能耗及呼吸商等相关数据,配合IDEEA的使用同步监测受试者的步态特征。该方法测定人体相关能耗数据准确,快速反馈且测试时间不受限制,测试环境与日常生活无异。

步态特征使用IDEEA(智能步态分析仪)测定人体步行过程中的时空步态参数,还可以识别人体在运动中的运动类型(、跑、蹬阶),测定人体在运动中各个关节的角度及足底压力情况。该方法实施简便,反馈及时,安全高效。

背景:许多研究都对肥胖者的步态改变进行了研究,但是少有对超重者的步态与能耗进行研究。

目的:对比超重人群与正常体质量人群的运动能耗及步态特征,探究体成分与步态参数的关系。

方法75名男性受试者按照体质量指数分为2组,对照组40(体质量指数在18.5-23.9 kg/m2 );超重组 35(体质量指数在24.0-27.9 kg/m2 )。测试前测量所有受试者的体成分数据。所有参与者佩戴IDEEA-Ⅲ在跑步机上按设定好的速度3.54.5 km/h各行走10 min,记录步长、跨步长、步频、单腿支撑时间、双腿支撑时间、步态周期等参数,并进行能量代谢舱测定受试者的步行能耗。研究中使用人体受试者得到了江苏省体育科学研究所审查委员会的批准,所有受试者在参与之前都阅读并签订了知情同意书。

结果与结论2组受试者年龄、身高无显著差异,其余体成分指标差异显著(P < 0.05)②在3.5 km/h的速度下,超重组受试者在拔腿强度、摆腿强度、地面冲击力、足落地控制及步频均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),步态周期时间、足离地前角度超重组受试者显著低于对照组(P < 0.05),其余步态参数未见显著差异;③在4.5 km/h的速度下,超重组受试者单腿站立时间低于对照组,双腿站立时间高于对照组,步态周期时间低于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),超重组拔腿强度、步频高于对照组、足离地角度显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)④在3.5 km/h速度下,仅体质量指数、体脂率与足离地角度有关,在4.5 km/h速度下,体质量及体质量指数与单足支撑时间,双足支撑时间要优于体脂率。速度过慢时超重人群的步态可以不发生改变,较快速度时步态则出现明显改变。无论速度如何,超重组能耗、相对能耗较对照组更高。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8214-3846(鹿琦)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 超重, 体质量, 能量, 步态, 代谢, 消耗, 体成分

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated gait modification in obese people; however, no research has been carried out in gait and energy cost of overweight subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the energy consumption and gait characteristics of overweight and normal weight groups, and explore the relationship between body composition and gait parameters.

METHODS: Seventy-five male subjects were divided into two groups according to body mass index: the control group (n=40, body mass index: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), the overweight group (n=35, body mass index: 24.0-27.9 kg/m2). The body composition data of all subjects were measured before the test. All participants wore IDEEA-III to walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes at the set speed of 3.5 and 4.5 km/h respectively. The parameters such as step length, stride length, cadence, single leg support time, double leg support time, and gait cycle were recorded. Metabolic cost of walking of the subjects was measured and recorded by the metabolic chamber. The use of human subjects was approved by the review committee of Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science. All subjects signed the informed consent.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in age and height between the two groups, and there was significant difference in other body composition indexes (P < 0.05). (2) At the speed of 3.5 km/h, the pulling power, swinging power, ground force reaction, foot landing control, and cadence in the overweight group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The gait cycle and the angle of foot before leaving the ground were significantly lower in the overweight group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other gait parameters. (3) At the speed of 4.5 km/h, single leg support time was lower in the overweight group than in the control group; the double leg support time was higher in the overweight group than in the control group; and the gait cycle time was lower in the overweight group than in the control group, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, pulling power and cadence were higher, and the angle of foot off the ground was lower in the overweight group (P < 0.05). (4) At the speed of 3.5 km/h, only body mass index and body fat percentage were related to the angle of foot off the ground. At the speed of 4.5 km/h, single leg support time and double leg support time were more highly correlated with body mass index and body mass. The body fat percentage was more correlated to the angle of foot off the ground. When the speed was too slow, the gait of overweight people could not be changed, but when the speed was fast, the gait changes obviously. Regardless of the speed, metabolic cost of walking and metabolic cost of walking after standardized body mass in the overweight group were higher than in the control group.

Key words: overweight, body mass, energy, gait, metabolism, consumption, body composition

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