中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 505-512.doi: 10.12307/2022.800

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

4-6岁幼儿多任务行走的步态及下肢生物力学特征

梁  晓,赵盼超,李嘉慧,纪仲秋,姜桂萍   

  1. 北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京市   100875
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-08 接受日期:2021-11-20 出版日期:2023-02-08 发布日期:2022-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 纪仲秋,博士,博士生导师,教授,北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京市 100875
  • 作者简介:梁晓,女,1997年生,湖南省长沙市人,汉族,北京师范大学在读硕士,主要从事运动生物力学与人因工程学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2020年度国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY070),项目负责人:姜桂萍

Gait and biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs in multi-task walking of 4-6-year-old children

Liang Xiao, Zhao Panchao, Li Jiahui, Ji Zhongqiu, Jiang Guiping   

  1. School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2021-10-08 Accepted:2021-11-20 Online:2023-02-08 Published:2022-06-22
  • Contact: Ji Zhongqiu, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • About author:Liang Xiao, Master candidate, School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Supported by:
    General Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China in 2020, No. 20BTY070 (to JGP)

摘要:

文题释义:
多任务行走:在行走的同时额外完成其他并发任务。多个任务同时执行,并且这些任务可以独立执行,单独衡量,有不同的目标。此次研究主要包括双任务行走和三任务行走,即边计算边行走和携带托盘边计算边行走。
多任务成本:多任务性能的变化(多任务下的运动表现减去单任务下的运动表现)占单任务性能的百分比。尽管执行的任务或条件不同,也可用多任务成本来比较与正常行走的变化,此次研究主要涉及双任务成本和三任务成本。

背景:跌倒是儿童最常见的意外事件之一,其导致的伤害已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。多任务行走会增大跌倒风险,对异常儿童影响更大,而日常生活对多任务行走的需求增多。研究幼儿的多任务步态,以期为制定针对性训练与鉴别发育异常或疾病患儿提供理论基础。
目的:探究多任务行走对4-6岁幼儿的步态参数及下肢动力学的影响。
方法:随机选取北京市某幼儿园34名4-6岁幼儿,进行单任务行走(正常行走)、双任务行走(计算+行走)和三任务行走(携带托盘+计算+行走);使用BTS红外动作捕捉系统采集步态参数,Vixta数字录像机同步录像,通过Anybody仿真建模计算下肢动力学参数,利用重复测量方差分析比较任务差异、性别差异与交互效应。
结果与结论:①双任务行走和三任务行走的标准化步速、步频、跨步长和步宽低于单任务行走;②跨步长的多任务成本随任务的增多而增大;③髋膝踝三大关节的关节反应力-步态周期图像呈现出相同的特点;④髋关节屈曲力矩平均值出现任务差异和性别差异,距下关节外翻力矩最大值出现任务×性别的交互效应;⑤缝匠肌肌力最大值出现性别差异,股薄肌、长收肌、大收肌中束、短收肌和闭孔外肌肌力最大值出现任务差异,闭孔内肌肌力最大值出现性别×任务的交互效应;⑥提示4-6岁幼儿在行走时的步态会受到多任务的影响,表现为步态受损、任务成本增加;对下肢关节的影响体现在髋关节与距下关节;对下肢肌肉力的影响集中在大腿内收和外展肌群;因此应指导幼儿进行锻炼这两大肌群的趣味游戏,以实现更优化的多任务行走模式,降低跌倒发生率,预防跌倒伤害。
缩略语:单任务行走:single-task walking,STW;双任务行走:dual-task walking,DTW;三任务行走:three-task walking,TTW

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-3448 (梁晓)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 幼儿, 多任务, 下肢, 步态, 关节反应力, 关节力矩, 肌肉力, Anybody仿真系统

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Falling is one of the most common accidents in children, and its injury has become a global public health problem. Multi-task walking will increase the risk of falls, has a greater impact on abnormal children, and the demand for multi-task walking in daily life is increasing. To study children’s multi-task gait in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating targeted training and identifying children with developmental abnormalities or diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of multi-task walking on gait parameters and lower limb dynamics of 4–6-year-old children. 
METHODS: Totally 34 children aged 4-6 years from a kindergarten in Beijing were randomly selected for single-task walking (normal walking), dual-task walking (calculating + walking), and three-task walking (carrying tray + calculating + walking). BTS infrared motion capture system was used to collect gait parameters and Vixta digital video recorder was used to record synchronously. Dynamic parameters of lower limbs were calculated by a simulation model of Anybody. Task differences, gender differences, and interaction effects were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The standardized step speed, step frequency, stride length, and step width of dual-task walking and three-task walking were lower than those of single-task walking. (2) The multi-task cost of step-length increased with the increase of tasks. (3) The joint reaction force-gait cycle images of hip, knee and ankle joints shared the same characteristics. (4) There were task differences and gender differences in the average value of hip flexion moment, and the interaction effect of task × gender was found in the maximum value of subtalar joint eversion moment. (5) There was gender difference in the maximum muscle strength of sartorius, task difference in the maximum muscle strength of gracilis, adductor longus, adductor major, adductor brevis and obturator externus, and gender × task interaction effect in the maximum muscle strength of obturator internus. (6) It is concluded that the gait of 4–6-year-old children will be affected by multi-task, which is characterized by impaired gait and increased task cost. The impact on lower limb joint is reflected in hip joint and subtalar joint. The influence on the muscle strength of lower limbs is concentrated in the adductor and abductor muscle groups of the thigh. Therefore, children should be guided to play interesting games to exercise these two major muscle groups, so as to realize a more optimized multi-task walking mode, reduce the incidence of falls and prevent falls.

Key words: children, multi-task, lower limbs, gait, joint reaction force, joint moment, muscle strength, Anybody System

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