中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (33): 5277-5282.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2888

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形

张朝鸣1,林天烨2,陈雷雷3,杨  鹏3,徐景利2,陈镇秋3,何  伟3,张庆文3   

  1. 1广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院,广东省佛山市  5280002广州中医药大学第一临床医学院,广东省广州市  5100003广州中医药大学第一附属医院关节骨科,广东省广州市  510000

  • 收稿日期:2020-02-10 修回日期:2020-02-15 接受日期:2020-03-11 出版日期:2020-11-28 发布日期:2020-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 张庆文,硕士,主任中医师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院关节骨科,广东省广州市 510000
  • 作者简介:张朝鸣,男,1989年生,广东省佛山市人,汉族,2015年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,中医师,主要从事中西结合治疗骨伤科疾病方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科技计划项目(2013A032500009);广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313353);国家自然科学基金(81873327);广东省中医药局科研项目(20191116);全国名老中医药专家传承工作室钟广玲名医工作室项目(国中医药人教函《2018》134号)

Total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of knee valgus deformity

Zhang Zhaoming1, Lin Tianye2, Chen Leilei3, Yang Peng3, Xu Jingli2, Chen Zhenqiu3, He Wei3, Zhang Qingwen3   

  1. 1Foshan Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; 2First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; 3Department of Joint Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine

  • Received:2020-02-10 Revised:2020-02-15 Accepted:2020-03-11 Online:2020-11-28 Published:2020-09-29
  • Contact: Zhang Qingwen, Master, Chief TCM physician, Department of Joint Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Zhaoming, Master, TCM physician, Foshan Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province, No. 2013A032500009; the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 2015A030313353; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81873327; the Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, No. 20191116; the Zhong Guangling, a Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio Project, No. GZYYRJH 2018 134

摘要:

文题释义:

膝关节外翻畸形也称为X型腿,指两足并立,当两侧膝关节紧靠时而双足内踝无法靠拢。是类风湿、膝关节退行性变、膝关节发育不良、胫骨平台骨折术后、膝关节周围截骨术后等各种膝关节疾病的晚期严重并发症之一。

膝关节软组织平衡技术:是指在膝关节置换过程中通过精准截骨、清理骨赘、松解粘连软组织及选择合适假体等一系列措施达到相等矩形的屈伸间隙及内外侧间隙紧张、松弛度适中等目的的技术。

背景:膝关节外翻畸形的病例较少见而手术难度大,目前国内外的截骨及软组织平衡技术规范尚不统一。

目的:探讨人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形的临床疗效。

方法回顾性分析20101月至20168月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的膝关节外翻畸形初次行人工全膝关节置换患者的病历资料,根据外翻程度进行分组,选择个体化软组织松解、精准截骨、合适假体及手术入路。评估患者术前、术后3年西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数、膝关节协会评分、股胫角、膝关节活动度、EQ-5D量表评分,定期复查X射线片,观察膝关节有无松动和移位,并记录生存率及并发症情况。

结果与结论①共纳入32例患者(32),随访时间3-9年;②术后3年随访膝关节协会临床和功能评分均较术前明显增加,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);术前不同畸形组别的膝关节协会临床和功能评分相比差异无显著性意义;术后3年不同畸形组别的膝关节协会临床和功能评分差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组评分要高于重度畸形组;③术后3EQ-5D 量表评分与术前相比明显增加,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),术前不同畸形组别的EQ-5D量表评分相比差异无显著性意义,术后3年不同畸形组别的EQ-5D量表评分差异有显著性意义,且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组评分高于重度畸形组;④术后3年西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数与术前相比明显降低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);术前不同畸形组别的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数相比差异无显著性意义;术后不同畸形组别的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组骨关节炎指数低于重度畸形组;⑤患者置换后膝关节活动度均明显增大,与术前相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);术后不同畸形组别的膝关节活动度相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥随访期内膝关节假体固定良好,未出现松动及脱位,无明显深静脉血栓事件、假体感染等情况发生,假体生存率为100%;⑦提示在个体化软组织平衡技术及精准截骨的指导下,选择合适的膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形安全有效,中长期疗效满意。

ORCID: 0000-0003-0023-4571(张朝鸣)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 关节, 假体, 全膝关节置换, 外翻膝, 截骨, 软组织平衡, 畸形

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The cases of knee valgus deformity are rare and the operation is difficult. At present, the technical specifications of osteotomy and soft tissue balance at home and abroad are not uniform.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect of total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of knee valgus deformity.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients with primary knee arthroplasty for knee valgus admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to August 2016 was performed. Individualized soft tissue release, precise osteotomy, appropriate prosthesis, and surgical approach were selected according to the patient’s condition. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, knee society score, femorotibial angle, knee motion range, and EQ-5D scale score were evaluated before and 3 years after operation. X-ray films were reviewed regularly to observe whether the knee joint was loose or displaced. Survival rate and complications were recorded.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 32 patients (32 knees) were enrolled. The follow-up period was 3-9 years. (2) The clinical and functional scores of knee society during the 3-year follow-up were significantly higher than those before surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no differences in clinical and functional scores of knee society in different deformity groups before surgery. The clinical and functional scores of knee society in different deformity groups at 3 years after operation were significantly different (P < 0.05). The mild deformity group and the moderate deformity group had higher scores than the severe deformity group. (3) The EQ-5D at 3 years after surgery was significantly increased than that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no differences in EQ-5D in different deformity groups before surgery. There were statistically significant differences in EQ-5D in different deformity groups at 3 years after operation. The mild deformity group and the moderate deformity group had better improvement than the severe deformity group. (4) Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index at 3 years after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no differences in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index between different deformity groups before surgery. There were statistically significant differences in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in different deformity groups after surgery (P < 0.05). The mild deformity group and the moderate deformity group had lower index than the severe deformity group. (5) Knee motion range increased significantly after replacement. Compared with preoperatively, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no difference in knee motion range between different deformity groups after surgery (P > 0.05). (6) During the follow-up, the knee prosthesis was well fixed, no loosening or dislocation, no obvious deep vein thrombosis, no prosthesis infection. The survival rate of the prosthesis was 100%. (7) Under the guidance of individualized soft tissue balance technique and precise osteotomy, the selection of appropriate knee prosthesis for total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of knee valgus deformity is safe and effective, and the medium- and long-term results are satisfactory.

Key words: bone, joint, prosthesis, total knee replacement, valgus knee, osteotomy, soft tissue balance, deformity

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