中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (26): 4208-4212.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2767

• 组织构建临床实践 clinical practice in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

预构复合组织瓣移植修复四肢骨及软组织缺损

王郑钢,刘鸣江,黄新锋,肖湘君   

  1. 南华大学附属南华医院创伤骨科,湖南省衡阳市  421002

  • 收稿日期:2019-09-24 修回日期:2019-09-29 接受日期:2020-02-11 出版日期:2020-09-18 发布日期:2020-09-02
  • 作者简介:王郑钢,男,1982年生,湖南省衡阳市人,2012年中南大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨科创伤修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省卫生计生委科研计划课题项目(A2017018)

Prefabricated composite tissue flaps for repairing bone and soft tissue defects of the extremities

Wang Zhenggang, Liu Mingjiang, Huang Xinfeng, Xiao Xiangjun   

  1. Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China

  • Received:2019-09-24 Revised:2019-09-29 Accepted:2020-02-11 Online:2020-09-18 Published:2020-09-02
  • About author:Wang Zhenggang, Master, Attending physician, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, No. A2017018

摘要:

文题释义:

预构复合组织瓣:是指通过对已知血管、肌肉、筋膜、神经等重构于游离皮片中,为破损组织修复提供血运,增强修复效果。优点是增强手术灵活性,可提高血管吻合成功率;缺点是操作复杂,对人体解剖学知识要求高,需进行二次手术。

股骨及软组织损伤模型:需选用适当大小的动物,兔子与人类拥有相似的四肢骨结构,且体型适宜,易于观察,操作方便。通过构建股骨及软组织损伤动物模型,研究其发病机制和治疗方法被广大研究者认同。

背景:预构复合组织瓣自1973年被Bakamjjan应用于心脏修复,但是受限于技术原因一直没有得到广泛使用,国内关于预构复合组织瓣修复四肢骨的研究更是稀少。
目的:分析预构复合组织瓣修复四肢骨及相应软组织缺损的效果。 
方法:构建四肢骨骨折合并软组织缺损新西兰兔模型(第1次手术),造模后随机分为3组,A组造模后10 d(第2次手术)应用预构复合组织瓣修复,B组造模后10 d使用游离桡骨修复,C组造模后10 d再次切开伤口缝合不做其他处理。对各组兔进行一般情况、体质量、影像学及组织学观察,并进行组间对比。
结果与结论:①各组存活率均为100%,B组中2只出现移植骨块移位,畸形愈合,对兔活动能力影响不大;②A组体质量恢复速率及体质量增长量均高于B组(P < 0.05);③影像学结果显示,A组在术后2周形成大量骨痂,4周骨痂桥节于间隙,8周缺损间隙填满,12周开始改造塑性;B组在术后2周形成少量骨痂,4周骨痂增多,股骨切断处明显,8周形成大量骨痂,12周缺损间隙填满;C组在术后8周开始形成骨痂,12周缺损间隙仍在,两端骨质硬化;④在第2次术后8,12周3组间Lane-Sandhu评分差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤组织学观察发现,A组术后4周出现大量新生成骨细胞和骨细胞,8周管状结构增多,新生不规则骨岛,12周新骨生成,髓腔出现,包含脂肪细胞为主的黄骨髓;B组术后4周大多数植入骨被降解和吸收,8周成骨细胞骨化,剩余的植入骨仍然可见,12周大多数成骨细胞被骨化并成为板层骨;C组术后12周缺损区充斥大量纤维结缔组织,无骨质形成;⑥提示预构复合组织瓣对四肢骨及软组织缺损具有修复作用,并且在修复速度及效果方面均优于传统的游离骨块修复。
ORCID: 0000-0001-6652-4657(王郑钢)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 预构复合组织瓣, 移植, 四肢, 软组织损伤

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Prefabricated composite tissue flaps have been used by Bakamjjan for cardiac repair since 1973, but have not been widely used due to technique limitations. Domestic research on prefabricated composite tissue flaps to repair limb bones is rarely reported.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of prefabricated composite tissue flaps in the repair of limb bone and corresponding soft tissue defects.

METHODS: New Zealand big rabbit models of bone fracture and soft tissue defect of the extremities were constructed (first operation) and randomly divided into three groups. In group A, prefabricated composite tissue flap was used to treat bone and soft tissue defects of the extremities at 10 days after modeling (second operation). In group B, free femur was used to treat bone and soft tissue defects of the extremities at 10 days after modeling. In group C, the incision was open and sutured with no treatment. General condition, body weight, imaging finding and histological findings were compared between groups.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was 100% survival in all the three groups. Graft displacement was observed in 2 rabbits in the group B, but the deformity healed, which had little effect on the rabbit's mobility. The weight recovery and gain were higher in the group A than in the group B (P < 0.05). The imaging findings showed that a large number of calluses were formed in the group A at 2 weeks after operation, which were bridged in gap at 4 weeks after operation, filled in the defect gap at 8 weeks, and remodeled at 12 weeks. In the group B, a small amount of calluses were formed at 2 weeks after operation, and began to increase at 4 weeks. The femoral cut was obvious. A large number of calluses were formed at 8 weeks after operation, and the defect gap was filled at 12 weeks after operation. In the group C, the callus began to form at 8 weeks after operation, and the defect gap was still present, with osteosclerosis at the two ends. The Lane-Sandhu score was statistically different between the three groups at 8 and 12 weeks after second operation (P < 0.05). Histological observation indicated that a large number of newly formed osteoblasts and bone cells were formed in the group A at 4 weeks after operation, and the tubular structure increased and irregular bone island formed at 8 weeks; new bone formed at 12 weeks, with the presence of the medullary cavity containing yellow bone marrow dominated by adipocytes. In the group B, most of the grafted bones were degraded and absorbed at 4 weeks after operation, and osteoblasts were ossified at 8 weeks. The remaining implanted bones were still visible. Most of the osteoblasts were ossified and became lamellar bones at 12 weeks. In the group C, the defect area was filled with a large amount of fibrous connective tissues at 12 weeks after operation, and there was no bone formation. To conclude, the prefabricated composite tissue flap can be used to repair the bone and soft tissue defects of the extremities, and it has a faster and better therapeutic effect than the traditional free bone repair.

Key words: prefabricated composite tissue flap, transplantation, extremities, soft tissue injury

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