中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 2500-2505.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3172

• 纳米生物材料 nanobiomaterials • 上一篇    下一篇

几种分散剂对纳米羟基磷灰石团聚、细胞内分布和细胞增殖的影响

王任先1,曹晶晶1,王宏刚1,万  奔1,刘巍峰2   

  1. 1北京积水潭医院/北京市创伤骨科研究所,北京市  100035;2北京积水潭医院骨肿瘤科,北京市   100035
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-22 修回日期:2020-07-24 接受日期:2020-08-21 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 刘巍峰,副主任医师,北京积水潭医院,北京市 100035
  • 作者简介:王任先,1983年生,河北省饶阳县人,汉族,博士,助理研究员,主要从事生物材料评价、骨再生、骨肿瘤等相关基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    北京自然科学基金(7192027),项目负责人:王任先;北京市卫生健康委员会改革试点项目(BMHC-2018-4,BMHC-2019-9,PXM2020_026275_000002),项目参与者:王任先、曹晶晶、王宏刚、万奔

Effects of dispersants on aggregation, intracellular distribution and cell proliferation of nano-hydroxyapatite

Wang Renxian1, Cao Jingjing1, Wang Honggang1, Wan Ben1, Liu Weifeng2   

  1. 1Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2020-07-22 Revised:2020-07-24 Accepted:2020-08-21 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-01-07
  • Contact: Liu Weifeng, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • About author:Wang Renxian, PhD, Assistant researcher, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No. 7192027 (to WRX); the Reform Pilot Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission, No. BMHC-2018-4, No. BMHC-2019-9, No. PXM2020_026275_000002 (to WRX, CJJ, WHG, WB)

摘要:

文题释义:
分散剂:指加入到粒度测量介质中能提高颗粒表面与介质间亲和性,使颗粒在介质中达到易浸润又保持分散状态的物质,或能产生空间位阻在颗粒表面形成完整覆盖层从而防止颗粒间团聚的物质。
纳米羟基磷灰石:是一种与人体矿物骨超微结构相似的无机陶瓷材料,与传统的羟基磷灰石相比具有更好的生物兼容性和生物活性,同时还具有纳米颗粒具有的各种特性,是骨科和口腔科基础的修复材料。

背景:纳米羟基磷灰石具有优异的生物兼容性、生物活性及可修饰性,但是合成的纳米羟基磷灰石具有高比表面能,使得其在溶液中容易团聚。
目的:比较超声以及不同分散剂对纳米羟基磷灰石团聚、细胞毒性及在细胞内分布的影响。
方法:采用化学沉淀法合成针状纳米羟基磷灰石,高压灭菌后备用。将不同浓度的分散剂六偏磷酸纳(0,0.25,0.5,1,2 mmol/L)、柠檬酸钠(0,0.25,0.5,1,2 mmol/L)、聚甲基丙烯酸钠(0%,0.0625%,0.125%,0.25%,0.5%)分别与MC3T3E1细胞共培养,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,筛选合适的分散剂作用浓度用于后续实验。将纳米羟基磷灰石溶液分5组处理:对照组不进行分散,其余4组分别进行超声分散、1 mmol/L六偏磷酸纳分散、1 mmol/L柠檬酸钠分散、0.125%聚甲基丙烯酸钠分散,检测纳米羟基磷灰石团聚尺寸。采用超声、1 mmol/L六偏磷酸纳、1 mmol/L柠檬酸钠、0.125%聚丙烯酸钠分散处理羟基磷灰石后分别与MC3T3E1细胞共培养,以未分散纳米羟基磷灰石与MC3T3E1细胞共培养为对照,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,培养1 d时透射电镜观察下纳米羟基磷灰石在细胞内的分布。
结果与结论:①1 mmol/L及更低浓度的六偏磷酸纳无明显的细胞毒性,0.25-2 mmol/L的柠檬酸钠均无明显的细胞毒性,不同浓度的聚甲基丙烯酸钠具有一定的细胞毒性,呈时间与浓度依赖性,后续实验选择1 mmol/L六偏磷酸纳、1 mmol/L柠檬酸钠、0.125%聚丙烯酸钠进行分散处理;②3种分散剂都显著降低了纳米羟基磷灰石的团聚尺寸,其中六偏磷酸纳的分散效果最好;③分散方式和分散剂的加入会显著影响纳米羟基磷灰石的生物学功能,柠檬酸钠会促进与纳米羟基磷灰石共培养的细胞增殖,超声和聚甲基丙烯酸钠会抑制与纳米羟基磷灰石共培养的细胞增殖;④透射电镜显示,对照组和超声组可见较大的纳米羟基磷灰石团聚块,团聚块存在于细胞内外;3种分散剂分散后的纳米羟基磷灰石也有团聚现象,但团聚尺寸明显变小,其中以六偏磷酸纳组的纳米团聚尺寸最小,有些纳米粒子在细胞内被双层膜包裹,形成类似“小液泡”的结构;⑤结果表明,常用的分散剂本身有一定的细胞毒性,分散剂的加入会显著降低纳米羟基磷灰石的团聚尺寸及其在细胞内的分布,影响细胞增殖。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3330-2895 (王任先)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 材料, 纳米羟基磷灰石, 团聚, 分散, 分散剂, 超声, 骨移植材料, 细胞毒性, 细胞分布, 细胞增殖

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite has excellent biocompatibility, biological activity, and modifiability, but the synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite has a high specific surface energy, which makes it agglomerate in solution.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ultrasound and different dispersants on the aggregation, cytotoxicity and intracellular distribution of nano-hydroxyapatite. 
METHODS: Needle like nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared by chemical precipitation method, and kept for further use after high pressure sterilization. Different concentrations of dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L), sodium citrate (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L), sodium polymethacrylate (0%, 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%) were co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The appropriate concentration of dispersant was screened for subsequent experiments. The nano-hydroxyapatite solution was divided into five groups: the control group was not dispersed; and the remaining four groups were subjected to ultrasonic dispersant, 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate dispersant, and 0.125% sodium polymethacrylate dispersant. The aggregate size of nano-hydroxyapatite was detected. The hydroxyapatite was treated with ultrasound, 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate, and 0.125% sodium polyacrylate dispersants and then co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells. Undispersed nano-hydroxyapatite co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells was considered as control. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. At 1 day after culture, the distribution of nano-hydroxyapatite was observed by transmission electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Sodium hexametaphosphate at a concentration of 1 mmol/L and lower had no obvious cytotoxicity. Sodium citrate at 0.25-2 mmol/L had no obvious cytotoxicity. Sodium polymethacrylate at different concentrations had certain cytotoxicity in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Subsequent experiments selected 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate, and 0.125% sodium polyacrylate for dispersion treatment. (2) All three dispersants significantly reduced the agglomeration size of nano-hydroxyapatite, and sodium hexametaphosphate had the best dispersion effect. (3) The dispersion method and the addition of dispersant could significantly affect the biological function of nano-hydroxyapatite. Sodium citrate promoted the proliferation of cells co-cultured with nano-hydroxyapatite. Ultrasound and sodium polymethacrylate inhibited proliferation of cells co-cultured with nano-hydroxyapatite. (4) Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the control group and the ultrasound group, large agglomerates of nano-hydroxyapatite existed inside and outside the cell; the nano-hydroxyapatite dispersed by the three dispersants also had agglomeration, but the size of the agglomeration was significantly smaller. Among them, the nano-aggregation size of the sodium hexametaphosphate group was the smallest. Some nanoparticles were wrapped in a double-layer membrane in the cell to form a structure similar to “small vacuoles”. (5) The results show that the commonly used dispersants themselves have certain cytotoxicity, and the addition of dispersants will significantly reduce the agglomeration size of nano-hydroxyapatite and its intracellular distribution, and affect cell proliferation.

Key words: bone, material, nano-hydroxyapatite, agglomerates, disperse, dispersant, ultrasound, bone grafting materials, cytotoxicity, cell distribution, cell proliferation

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