中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (23): 3751-3755.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2693

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

组织玻璃化冻存技术:优势与尚未完全解决的问题

张  源1,曾  敏2,翟  博1   

  1. 1上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肿瘤介入科,上海市  200127;2上海慧存医疗科技有限公司,上海市  201203
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-26 修回日期:2019-10-30 接受日期:2019-12-20 出版日期:2020-08-18 发布日期:2020-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 翟博,博士,主任医师,教授,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肿瘤介入科,上海市 200127
  • 作者简介:张源,男,1992年生,上海市人,汉族,2018年上海交通大学医学院毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事肿瘤组织的玻璃化冻存研究。

Vitrification-based cryopreservation of tissues: strengths and existing problems

Zhang Yuan1, Zeng Min2, Zhai Bo1   

  1. 1Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; 2Shanghai Huicun Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
  • Received:2019-10-26 Revised:2019-10-30 Accepted:2019-12-20 Online:2020-08-18 Published:2020-07-30
  • Contact: Zhai Bo, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
  • About author:Zhang Yuan, Master, Physician, Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China

摘要:

文题释义:

玻璃化冷冻保存:是利用这些高浓度的低温保护剂组合成玻璃化冻存液,通过与水分子发生强烈的水合作用,增加溶液黏性,降低冰晶形成速度,从而使细胞在快速降温或复温过程中得以保护。

玻璃化:对于非晶高分子,当高分子通过降温从高弹态转变为玻璃态,或者通过升温从玻璃态转变为高弹态的过程称之为玻璃化转变,发生玻璃化转变的温度叫玻璃化转变温度。对于结晶高分子,玻璃化转变是指其非晶部分所发生的由高弹态向玻璃态(或者玻璃态向高弹态)的转变。因此,玻璃化转变是高分子中普遍存在的现象。但是玻璃化转变现象并不局限于高分子,一些小分子化合物也存在玻璃化转变。

背景:玻璃化冷冻保存是一种应用前途广阔的低温冷冻方法,通过使用高浓度的玻璃化冻存试剂将生物材料进行玻璃态转变,从而实现活性保存。

目的:就玻璃化冻存的生物学原理及玻璃化冻存试剂的分类,卵巢、皮肤与角膜等医学组织标本的玻璃化冻存进行综述。

方法:以“tissue;vitrification;cryopreservation”为英文检索词;“组织;玻璃化;冷冻保存”为中文检索词,检索1994年1月至2019年10月 PubMed 数据库及万方医学网相关文献。按照纳入与排除标准筛选后,对最终纳入的45篇文献进行归纳总结。

结果与结论:玻璃化冻存可以防止细胞内外冰晶形成,避免了冰晶给细胞带来的多种损伤,有效保留了细胞的生物活性与基本功能。玻璃化冻存试剂主要分为渗透性和非渗透性2种,其操作简便、高效,唯一的缺点是高浓度的冻存试剂对细胞具有一定的毒性损伤。为了降低对组织整体损伤风险,可以混合使用多种低毒冻存试剂。目前玻璃化冻存技术已经成功应用于多种细胞,但组织冻存的技术难题尚未完全解决。

ORCID: 0000-0003-0140-9935(张源)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 组织, 玻璃化, 冷冻保存, 冻存试剂, 卵巢, 皮肤, 角膜

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Vitrification-based cryopreservation is a promising cryopreservation method, which can change the state of the biological materials by using high concentration vitrification reagent to realize active preservation.

OBJECTIVE: To review the biological principle of vitrification-based cryopreservation, the classification of cryopreservation reagents, as well as the cryopreservation of ovary skin, cornea and other medical tissue specimens.

METHODS: PubMed and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles published from January 1994 through October 2019. Search terms were “tissue; vitrification; cryopreservation” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 articles were finally included in result analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The process of vitrification-based cryopreservation can avoid ice crystallization by which the cells are damaged, and effectively preserve the cell’s biological activity and basic functions. Vitrified cryopreservation reagents can be divided into permeable and non-permeable reagents. Their operation is simple and efficient. The only disadvantage is that the high concentration of cryopreservation reagents can cause some toxic injuries to the cells. To reduce the risk of overall tissue damage, a variety of low-toxic cryopreservation reagents can be mixed and used. At present, vitrification-based cryopreservation technology has been successfully applied in a variety of cells. However, the technical problems in the cryopreservation of tissues have not been solved completely.

Key words: tissue, vitrification, cryopreservation, freezing reagent, ovary, skin, cornea

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