中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (23): 3744-3750.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2691

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

矫正鞋垫的设计原理与生物力学功能

张新语1,邢新阳2,霍洪峰1,3   

  1. 1河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市  050024;2河北体育学院,河北省石家庄市  050041;3河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市  050024

  • 收稿日期:2019-10-29 修回日期:2019-11-13 接受日期:2019-12-20 出版日期:2020-08-18 发布日期:2020-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 霍洪峰,高级实验师,硕士生导师,河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市 050024;河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市 050024
  • 作者简介:张新语,女,1995年生,河北省唐山市人,汉族,河北师范大学在读硕士,主要从事运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    河北省科技支撑项目(16275709);河北省教育厅自然科学青年基金项目(QN2017343);河北师范大学人文社会科学校内科研基金重点项目(S2017Z06)

Design principle and biomechanical function of orthopedic insoles

Zhang Xinyu1, Xing Xinyang2, Huo Hongfeng1, 3   

  1. 1Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; 2Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050041, Hebei Province, China; 3Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bioinformation, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2019-10-29 Revised:2019-11-13 Accepted:2019-12-20 Online:2020-08-18 Published:2020-07-30
  • Contact: Huo Hongfeng, Senior experimentalist, Master’s supervisor, Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bioinformation, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xinyu, Master candidate, Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:

    Hebei Province Science and Technology Support Project, No. 16275709 (to HHF); the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth in Hebei Provincial Department of Education, No. QN2017343 (to HHF); Key Project of the Scientific Research Fund of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Hebei Normal University, No. S2017Z06 (to HHF)

摘要:

文题释义:

矫正鞋垫:是根据足部生物力学特征设计的,为人体提供保护、支撑及改善活动能力的辅助性器具,置于鞋内与足部密切融合,通过调整足底与外界接触的面积、角度等,改变足部生物力学结构及特征、分散足底压力,改善人体生物力学轴线、提高关节稳定性,解决人体由于外界因素、下肢生物力学异常及代偿等引起的各关节及人体姿势异常等问题,被广泛应用于医疗康复领域以及运动损伤预防及康复领域等。

代偿:人体某些器官因疾病受损后,机体调动未受损部分和有关的器官、组织或细胞来替代或补偿其代谢和功能,使体内建立新的平衡的过程,由于其他器官原本不应该承担此功能,使器官处于异常状态,长期处于异常状态会对这些器官造成代偿性损伤。

背景:足是人体运动系统的重要组成部分,足部疾病及损伤成为困扰人们的问题,矫正鞋垫能够有效治疗及预防足部疾病及损伤风险,已成为物理矫正的主要手段。

目的:明确矫正鞋垫的设计原理,根据制作方式对矫正鞋垫进行分类,梳理矫正鞋垫对人体各关节相关疾病、儿童偏瘫及运动损伤的康复功能,探究当前矫正鞋垫的研究现状及不足,并对未来研究发展提出建议。

方法:以“矫形鞋垫”“拇外翻、扁平足、高足弓、足底筋膜炎”“膝内翻、膝外翻、膝骨关节炎”“脊柱侧弯”“足踝损伤”“步态”“异常步态”“Orthopedic insoles”“Corrective effect”“Motion pattern characteristics”等作为关键词,在CNKI、万方、百链、百度文库、PubMed等数据库检索2005至2019年期间的相关文献,进行筛选、整理、归纳及总结分析。

结果与结论:①矫正鞋垫的设计原理包括调整足底受力点,分散足底压力;支撑足弓,提高缓冲能力;改善下肢力线,提供稳定及支撑;改善本体感觉,提高足部舒适性4个方面;②矫正鞋垫按制作方式可分为预制型、半定制型和定制型3类;③矫正鞋垫在足踝、膝关节、脊柱畸形、儿童偏瘫型脑瘫、运动损伤方面能够起到有效的预防及康复功能;④矫正鞋垫在其应用领域及治疗效果上存在一定的局限性,在矫正鞋垫的研制与评价中,应考虑到人体运动过程中足型与鞋型的变化情况,体现“足鞋整合”的理念。可对矫正鞋垫不同形状、材质、硬度等,矫正鞋垫对损伤的预防、疾病的治疗、运动能力的提升效果,以及动态矫正鞋垫进行更加深入的研究。

ORCID: 0000-0002-9109-6962(张新语)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 矫正, 鞋垫, 康复, 足, 代偿, 矫正鞋垫

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The foot is an important part of the human motor system. Foot diseases and injuries have become a troubling problem. Orthopedic insoles can effectively treat and prevent foot diseases and injuries and reduce the risk of injuries. It has become the main method of physical correction.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the design principles of orthopedic insoles, to classify orthopedic insoles according to the production methods, to sort out the rehabilitation function of orthopedic insoles to human joint-related diseases, children’s hemiplegia, and sports injuries, to explore the current research status and shortcomings of orthopedic insoles, and to make suggestions for future research and development.

METHODS: A search of CNKI, WanFang, Baichain, Baidu Library, and PubMed was performed for relevant literature published from 2005 to 2019. Search terms were “Orthopedic insoles,” “valgus hallux, flat feet, high arch, plantar fasciitis,” “knee varus, knee valgus, knee osteoarthritis,” “scoliosis,” “foot and ankle injury,” “gait,” and “abnormal gaits” in Chinese and “Orthopedic insoles, Corrective effect, Motion pattern characteristics” in English. Included articles were screened, summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The design principles of the insoles include four aspects: adjusting the force bearing point of the vola and dispersing plantar pressure; supporting the arch of the foot, improving cushioning ability; improving the force line of the lower limb, providing a stable support; improving proprioception and foot comfort. Orthopedic insoles can be divided into three types: prefabricated, semi-customized and customized. Orthopedic insoles can play an effective prevention and rehabilitation function in ankle, knee, spinal deformity, hemiplegia-type cerebral palsy in children, and sports injuries. Orthopedic insoles have certain limitations in clinical application and in therapeutic effects. In the development and evaluation of orthopedic insoles, the changes in foot shape and shoe shape during human movement should be considered to reflect the concept of “foot-shoe integration.” Different shapes, materials, and hardness of orthopedic insoles can be used to conduct more in-depth research on the effects of orthopedic insoles to prevent and treat injuries and improve exercise capacity.

Key words: correction, insoles, rehabilitation, foot, compensation, orthopedic insoles

中图分类号: