中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 468-473.doi: 10.12307/2022.077

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

六轴外固定器在下肢畸形治疗中的发展与应用

张兴东1,张永红2,王  栋2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市   030001;2山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-02 修回日期:2021-04-08 接受日期:2021-05-26 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 张永红,博士,主任医师,国际肢体延长与重建协会及 Ilizarov 技术应用研究协会中国部秘书长,中国骨搬移糖尿病足学组组长,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:张兴东,男,1993年生,山西省忻州市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事外固定与肢体矫形方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省社会发展基金 (201803D31126),项目负责人:张永红

Development and application of hexapod external fixator in the treatment of lower limb deformity

Zhang Xingdong1, Zhang Yonghong2, Wang Dong2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-02 Revised:2021-04-08 Accepted:2021-05-26 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-29
  • Contact: Zhang Yonghong, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xingdong, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Provincial Social Development Fund, No. 201803D31126 (to ZYH)

摘要:

文题释义:
张力-应力法则:作用于活体组织的缓慢而持久的牵张力,使活体组织细胞受到刺激并被激活而出现再次生长。
六轴外固定器:典型的六自由度Steward平台并联机构,由参考环(静平台)、矫正环(动平台)及六根连接杆组成。通过调节六根连接杆完成多平面畸形矫正。

背景:由于下肢开放骨折所导致的骨髓炎、骨缺损及下肢畸形患者数量显著增加,使得Ilizarov环形外固定架的应用逐步增多。尽管Ilizarov环形外固定架治疗这类疾病取得较好的效果,但仍存在诸多缺陷。
目的:文章就六轴外固定器在下肢畸形治疗中的发展与应用现状进行综述。
方法:第一作者通过检索2001年2月至2021年2月为止PubMed、中国知网及万方数据库。英文检索词:“hexapod external frame,taylor spatial frame,ortho-SUV,truelok-Hex”,中文检索词:“六轴外固定、泰勒外固定支架、奥尔托夫架、taylor外固定支架”。最终纳入50篇文献,并以此对六轴外固定器在下肢畸形治疗中的发展与应用进行综述。
结果与结论:①应用环形外固定架治疗不宜使用内固定的下肢开放骨折和肢体畸形等疾病取得较好的效果,并可通过张力-应力法则牵拉骨及软组织再生,使许多传统骨科技术无法治疗的疾病得到治愈。②Ilizarov环形外固定架存在治疗周期长、操作复杂及对医师经验要求高等缺陷。③六轴外固定器主要特点为通过六根可调节连接杆,形成虚拟铰链,以实现多维度畸形同时矫正,且在治疗过程中无需更换铰链;在计算机软件的辅助下,矫正精度显著提高,畸形残留率大幅降低;④六轴外固定器已广泛应用于下肢骨不连、骨缺损、马蹄足及关节畸形等疾病的治疗,且同Ilizarov环形外固定架相比术后并发症发生率明显降低。⑤六轴外固定器存在稳定性较差、人为因素影响较大、学习曲线复杂及价格高昂等缺陷,使其无法进一步推广使用。⑥今后需进一步改进处方软件,降低人为因素影响,逐步实现六轴外固定器的智能化与信息化,同时还需实现自主研发,降低使用成本,使其可以广泛地推广使用。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-9407 (张兴东) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 下肢畸形, 六轴外固定器, 环形外固定架, 泰勒式架, 奥尔托夫架, 骨折固定, 畸形矫正, Ilizarov技术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of patients with osteomyelitis, bone defects, and lower extremity deformities due to open fractures of the lower limb has increased significantly, leading to an increasing use of Ilizarov circular external fixators. Although the Ilizarov circular external fixator has achieved good results in the treatment of these conditions, there are still many defects.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of the development and application of hexapod external fixator in the treatment of lower limb deformity.
METHODS: Articles from PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang database from february 2001 to february 2021 were retrieved with the key words of “hexapod external frame, taylor spatial frame, ortho-SUV, truelok-Hex” in both English and Chinese. Fifty articles were included, and the application progress of the hexapod external fixator in the treatment of lower limb deformity was reviewed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The application of circular external fixator in the treatment of extremities fracture and limb deformity that are not suitable for internal fixation has achieved positive results, and can be used to pull bone and regenerate soft tissue following the tension-stress rule, curing various diseases that cannot be treated by traditional orthopedic technology. (2) The Ilizarov circular fixator suffers from defects such as long treatment cycle, complex operation and high requirement on physician experience. (3) The main feature of the hexapod external fixator is that it forms a virtual hinge through six adjustable telescopic struts to realize multi-plane deformities and correct simultaneously, and there is no need to replace the hinge during the treatment. With the help of computer software, the accuracy of correction is improved significantly, and the residual rate of malformation is reduced significantly. (4) The hexapod external fixator has been widely used in the treatment of lower limb non-union, bone defect, clubfoot, joint deformity and other diseases, and can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications compared with the Ilizarov circular external fixator. (5) The shortcomings of the hexapod external fixator, such as poor stability, misuses, difficult learning process and high price, make it unable to be further popularized. (6) In the future, it is necessary to improve the prescription software, reduce the influence of human factors, gradually realize intellectualize and informationize hexapod external fixator. Also, it is critical to achieve independent research and development and reduce the cost of use so as to make hexapod external fixator being widely used.

Key words: lower limb deformities, hexapod external frame, Ilizarov circular frame, Taylor spatial frame, Ortho-SUV, fracture fixator, deformity correction, Ilizarov method

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