中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (18): 2927-2935.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1135

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨转子间骨折:内固定装置改进、术式变化及其相关争议

郝  良,张忠林,王宝东,毕郑刚
  

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150001
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-12 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 毕郑刚,博士生导师,教授,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150001
  • 作者简介:郝良,男,1990年生,河南省南阳市人,满族,哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤及关节外科方面的研究。

Intertrochanteric fracture of the femur: improvement of internal fixation device, surgical changes and related disputes 

Hao Liang, Zhang Zhonglin, Wang Baodong, Bi Zhenggang
  

  1. First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2018-12-12 Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-06-28
  • Contact: Bi Zhenggang, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Hao Liang, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
股骨距:是位于股骨颈、体连接部位的后内方,小转子深部的致密骨板,是股骨干近端皮质骨向松质骨内的延续,其上极与股骨颈后侧上、中1/3 交界处的皮质骨融合,下极与小转子下缘的皮质骨融合;股骨距游离缘伸向髓腔内,呈三菱柱状,是股骨上端偏心性受载的着力点,相当于起重机基梁的作用,故有学者把它描述为“真正的股骨颈”。
人工髋关节置换:德国医师 Gluck在1890年首次将象牙制作的股骨头置入人体,开创了人工关节置换的先河,在骨科手术治疗史上具有划时代的意义。人工髋关节置换可包括人工全髋关节置换和人工股骨头置换,两者最大的区别在于前者在人工股骨头置换的同时也进行一期髋臼侧的处理和置换。人工髋关节置换作为一种破坏性带有重建性质的手术,采用人工假体取代人体正常的骨性关节结构,假体使用寿命有限且二期翻修困难,故需严格把握手术指征。
 
 
背景:股骨转子间骨折的治疗方式多样,大体可分为髓外固定系统、髓内固定系统及人工髋关节置换,不同的治疗方法都有着各自的优势及不足,随着研究的深入,相关争议问题亦成为临床研究的热点。
目的:综述股骨转子间骨折内固定装置的改进、术式变化及相关争议问题,为进一步的临床研究提供参考。
方法:由第一作者以“股骨转子间骨折;髋骨折;骨质疏松;骨折固定术,内;关节成形术,置换,髋;内固定器;假体植入;生物假体;并发症;老年人”为关键词,检索中国知网、万方数据库;以“intertrochanteric fracture;osteoporosis;hip fractures;fracture fixation,internal;Arthroplasty,replacement,hip; bone plates;internal fixators;prosthesis implantation;aged”为关键词,检索PubMed 数据库、Web of Science、SpringerLink等英文数据库,收集2008年1月至2018年8月发表的相关文献,通过阅读文献题目及摘要进行初步筛选,最终选取56篇文献进行分析。

结果与结论:①随着学者们对股骨近端特有的解剖学及生物力学特点的深入研究,股骨转子间骨折分型系统正逐步发展并完善中,以正确评估骨折的严重程度及判断预后;②临床上股骨转子间骨折的手术治疗尚无统一的 “金标准”,临床上需辨证性的为患者选择个体化的治疗方案;③人工髋关节置换作为骨科手术治疗史上“创世纪性的手术”,在老年转子间骨折患者中的应用比例日益增大,但须严格把握手术指征;④股骨转子间骨折的治疗中存在较多的争议性问题,仍需大量多中心、大数据的临床研究来解决;⑤数字化医学的飞速发展,未来将改变股骨转子间骨折的治疗格局。

ORCID: 0000-0001-5856-3517(郝良)

 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 假体植入, 生物假体, 股骨转子间骨折, 髋骨折, 骨质疏松, 骨折固定术, 关节成形术, 髋关节置换, 内固定器

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Treatment methods of intertrochanteric fracture are various, which can be divided into extramedullary fixation system, intramedullary fixation system and arthroplasty. Different treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. With the deepening of research, relevant controversial issues have become the hotspot of clinical research.
OBJECTIVE: To review the improvement of internal fixation device for intertrochanteric fracture, the changes of operative methods and the related controversial issues, thus providing reference for further clinical research.
METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, Web of Science and SpringerLink databases with the keywords of “intertrochanteric fracture, osteoporosis, hip fracture, fracture fixation, internal, arthroplasty, displacement, hip, bone plates, internal fixators, prosthesis implantation, aged” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant studies published from January 2008 to August 2018 were collected, and finally 56 eligible studies were included for analysis by reading the title and abstract.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the in-depth study on the characteristics of anatomy and biomechanics of proximal femur, the intertrochanteric fracture classification system is gradually developing and improving to correctly evaluate the severity of fracture and determine the prognosis. (2) There is no unified “gold standard” for the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Therefore, individualized treatment plan should be selected for the patient dialectically. (3) As a “turn-of-the-century surgery” in the history of orthopedic surgery, arthroplasty is increasingly applied in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures, but the surgical indications should be strictly controlled. (4) There are many controversial issues in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture, and a large number of multi-center and big data clinical studies are still needed to solve the problem. (5) The rapid development of digital medicine will change the treatment pattern of intertrochanteric fracture.

Key words: prosthesis implantation, bioprosthesis, intertrochanteric fracture, hip fracture, osteoporosis, fracture fixation;, arthroplasty, hip replacement, internal fixators

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