中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (15): 2374-2380.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2601

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建中电磁导航系统辅助骨隧道定位的准确性

贾国庆,余志平,胡鹏宇,张海清,丛海波   

  1. 青岛大学附属威海市中心医院运动医学科,山东省威海市  264400
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-26 修回日期:2019-09-28 接受日期:2019-10-25 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 丛海波,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,青岛大学附属威海市中心医院骨科,山东省威海市 264400
  • 作者简介:贾国庆,男,1993年生,山东省鱼台县人,汉族,青岛大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤关节方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目(ts201511110)

Accuracy of bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using electromagnetic navigation system

Jia Guoqing, Yu Zhiping, Hu Pengyu, Zhang Haiqing, Cong Haibo   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai 264400, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-26 Revised:2019-09-28 Accepted:2019-10-25 Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-03-23
  • Contact: Cong Haibo, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Sports Medicine, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai 264400, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Jia Guoqing, Master candidate, Department of Sports Medicine, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai 264400, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Taishan Scholar Project Special Funding Project, No. ts201511110

摘要:

文题释义:

电磁导航系统:由台车、磁场发生器、配套机械臂及附件组成。采用电磁技术结合计算机辅助系统,可在遮挡的情况下进行精确实时的空间三维定位,可在具有医用级别金属的环境中工作。根据术前规划结合合适的配准方式,系统可预先校准,快速设置,立即使用,实时导航。适用于骨外科、神经外科、耳鼻喉外科、腹腔镜疗法、内窥镜治疗等领域。

骨隧道定位:前交叉韧带重建中建立的骨隧道是固定移植物和发挥移植物功能的关键,良好的骨隧道位置能极大提高患膝功能,尽管关节镜技术已取得极大的进展,但仍有患者出现因骨隧道定位不当发生的移植物病理性松弛和膝关节不稳定等不良结果。因个体差异,使用传统的关节镜技术形成一个解剖上正确的骨隧道仍有一定的困难。术前手术计划和导航系统在准确性和可重复性方面为定位骨隧道位置和方向提供了良好的辅助作用。

背景:前交叉韧带重建中骨隧道定位的准确性和可重复性一直是难点,电磁导航系统作为一种新型导航技术在应用中可以实现三维空间内定位,希望可以弥补外科医生在手动完成骨隧道时产生的失误。

目的:验证一种新型电磁导航系统在前交叉韧带重建中骨隧道解剖定位的可行性及准确度。

方法:新鲜冰冻膝关节标本30例,切断前交叉韧带制备前交叉韧带断裂膝关节标本。随机分成2组,分别采用电磁导航结合关节镜(导航组)及传统关节镜(对照组)定位骨隧道。术后行膝关节侧位片检查,观察2组标本骨隧道的出口位置,测量胫骨隧道中点在胫骨平台前后径上的位置,测量Blumensaat线与胫骨隧道中轴线之间的角度(α角),测量股骨隧道在Blumensaat线上的位置。

结果与结论:①在导航组中,膝关节伸直位时的侧位X射线片显示所有胫骨隧道的前缘位于Blumensaat线延长线与胫骨胫骨平台交点的略后方,避免了髁间碰撞;对照组有2例胫骨隧道前缘位于Blumensaat线略前方;②导航组Blumensaat线的延长线与胫骨平台水平交点处至胫骨隧道前边缘之间的距离(a)、a与胫骨平台前后径宽度(c)的比值以及α角均较对照组更小(P < 0.05),这增加了胫骨隧道定位的准确性;③2组胫骨隧道位置差异无显著性意义(P=0.323);但导航组胫骨隧道中心位置变化范围(38.1%-53.8%)略低于对照组(30.4%-56.4%);同时导航组a距离(0.1-3.2 mm)的变化范围较对照组(-2.1-5.7 mm)小,骨髓道定位更严格,胫骨隧道定位的可重复性增加;④分析股骨隧道位置,所有导航组均在在后上象限(4/4)的位置,对于对照组有13例。与对照组相比导航组股骨隧道位置更靠后(P=0.001),导航组相对偏后的股骨隧道可以更加保证膝关节的稳定性;⑤说明在尸体膝关节实验中,电磁导航技术可以用于辅助前交叉韧带重建过程中骨隧道的定位,增加了骨隧道的精确性和可重复性,但存在人为和电磁导航系统误差,在临床应用中仍需改进。

ORCID: 0000-0003-1765-3457(贾国庆)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 电磁导航系统, 前交叉韧带, 重建, 胫骨隧道, 股骨隧道

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Accuracy and repeatability of bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been a difficult point in surgery. As a new navigation technology, electromagnetic navigation system can realize three-dimensional positioning in application, hoping to make up for the mistakes made by surgeons.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a new electromagnetic navigation system in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

METHODS: Totally 30 cases of fresh frozen knee joint were treated with anterior cruciate ligament amputation to prepare knee joint specimens with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. They were randomly divided into two groups, using magnetic channel navigation combined with arthroscopy (navigation group) and traditional arthroscopy (control group). Postoperative lateral radiography of knee joint was performed to observe the exit position of bone tunnel in two groups, to measure the position of the middle of the tibial tunnel on the tibial plateau, to measure the α angle between the Blumensaat line and the axis of the tibial tunnel, and to measure the position of the femoral tunnel on the Blumensaat line.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the navigation group, the lateral X-ray radiographs of knee joint extension showed that the front edge of all tibial tunnels was slightly behind of Blumensaat line, avoiding intercondylar collision. In control group, two cases were located slightly ahead of Blumensaat line. (2) The distance (a) between the Blumensaat line at the level of tibial plateau and the front edge of the tibial tunnel, the ratio of a to width of tibial plateau anteroposterior diameter (c) and alpha angles of tibial tunnel were smaller in the navigation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). This increased the accuracy of tibial tunnel positioning. (3) There was no significant difference in the location of the tibial tunnel between the two groups (P=0.323). However, the range of the central position of the tunnel (38.1%-53.8%) was slightly lower in the navigation group than that in the control group (30.4%-56.4%). The range of a distance (0.1-3.2 mm) in the navigation group was smaller than that in the control group (-2.1-5.7 mm), and the location of bone marrow tract was more stringent, which increased the repeatability of location tibial tunnel. (4) The position of femoral tunnel was in the position of the posterior upper quadrant (4/4) in all navigation groups and in 13 cases of the control group. The position of femoral tunnel in the navigation group was more backward compared with the control group (P=0.001). The femoral tunnel in the navigation group could ensure the stability of the knee. (5) In the cadaveric knee joint experiment, magnetic navigation technology can be used to assist the location of bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, increase the accuracy and repeatability of bone tunnel, but there are still artificial and magnetic channel navigation system errors, which still need to be improved in clinical application.

Key words: magnetic channel navigation system, anterior cruciate ligament, reconstruction, tibial tunnel, femoral tunnel

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