中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 1817-1822.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2548

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后路钉棒反弓折顶技术结合椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折

朱福良1,郑道明1,时宇博1,王云国1,倪东馗1,李立军1,姜竹岩1,海米提•阿布都艾尼1,雪  原2   

  1. 1天津医科大学第二医院骨科,天津市  300211;2天津医科大学总医院骨科,天津市  300050
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-14 修回日期:2019-08-16 接受日期:2019-09-19 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 雪原,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,天津医科大学总医院骨科,天津市 300050
  • 作者简介:朱福良,男,1980年生,天津市人,汉族,2013年天津医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科、创伤骨科方面的研究。

Inverse arch roof breaking technique combined with pedicle screw and bone graft in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures

Zhu Fuliang1, Zheng Daoming1, Shi Yubo1, Wang Yunguo1, Ni Dongkui1, Li Lijun1, Jiang Zhuyan1, Haimiti·Abuduaini1, Xue Yuan2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300050, China
  • Received:2019-08-14 Revised:2019-08-16 Accepted:2019-09-19 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-03-01
  • Contact: Xue Yuan, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300050, China
  • About author:Zhu Fuliang, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China

摘要:

文题释义:
反弓折顶技术:目前临床上单纯后路手术治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折的效果不甚满意。传统单纯撑开通过前纵韧带复位技术,不能很好地恢复椎体高度。反弓折顶技术通过改型棒作用使前柱充分撑开,恢复椎体前柱高度,再撑开后方为椎弓根植骨提供可靠空间。
椎弓根植骨:通过伤椎椎弓根通道将自体骨颗粒或者异体骨植入伤椎骨折处,填充椎体压缩缺损,避免骨折愈合后“空壳现象”形成,在通过椎体置钉于植骨区下方,对植骨区支撑作用,有效维持骨折愈合后高度,降低断钉断棒等并发症。

背景:胸腰段爆裂骨折发病率较高,后路单纯撑开技术在维持椎体高度、降低并发症方面的疗效不甚满意,因此试图探索更佳治疗方案。

目的:探讨采用反弓折顶技术结合椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折的效果。

方法:前瞻性纳入78例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折患者,均为闭合性新鲜骨折,均采用后路手术,伤后至手术时间4-14 d,平均7.8 d。随机分为2组,单纯撑开组38例行单纯椎弓根钉棒系统撑开复位固定,反弓折顶植骨组40例行后路钉棒反弓折顶技术结合椎弓根植骨固定。2组患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。对比2组手术时间及术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、术后伤椎前缘高度比值、Cobb角、目测类比评分、生活活动能力(Barthel指数)及术后并发症发生情况。

结果与结论:①所有患者获得10-22个月随访;②单纯撑开组手术时间及术中出血量均优于反弓折顶植骨组(P < 0.01);③2组术后伤椎前缘高度比值、Cobb角差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01),反弓折顶植骨组优于单纯撑开组;④2组骨折愈合时间、术后生活活动能力(Barthel指数)差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.01),反弓折顶植骨组优于单纯撑开组;⑤术后2组均未发生深部感染,反弓折顶植骨组未发生内固定失败、椎体高度过度丢失等并发症;单纯撑开组发生内固定失败螺钉拔出3例,钛棒断裂2例,椎体高度明显丢失10例;⑥提示与单纯撑开复位固定相比,后路钉棒反弓折顶植骨并伤椎置钉固定可形成伤椎压缩中心骨性支撑,重建前、中柱高度方面疗效确切,具有力学强度高、椎体高度维持好、骨愈合率高、并发症少的优点,将是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折较为理想的选择。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8648-1076(朱福良)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胸腰椎爆裂骨折, 反弓折顶, 经椎弓根植骨, 椎弓根钉, 固定, 骨折愈合, Cobb 角

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The morbidity rate of thoracolumbar burst fracture is high; however, the simple posterior distraction and reduction technique has poor patient satisfaction on maintaining vertebral height and reducing complications. Therefore, we attempt to explore a better therapeutic regimen.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of inverse arch roof breaking technique combined with pedicle screw and bone graft in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 78 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. All the patients suffered from fresh closed fractures, and all of them were operated by posterior approach. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 4 to 14 days, with an average of 7.8 days. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The 38 cases in the simple distraction group were treated with simple vertebra pedicle screw-rod system distraction and reduction fixation. The 40 cases in the inverse arch roof breaking and bone graft group were treated with inverse arch roof breaking technique combined with pedicle screw and bone graft in fractured vertebra. All patients signed the informed consent. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae, Cobb angle, visual analogue score, Barthel Index and postoperative complications were measured between the two groups. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The follow-up period for all patients was 10-22 months. (2) Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were better in the simple distraction group than in the inverse arch roof breaking and bone graft group (P < 0.01). (3) The ratio of anterior height of injured vertebra and Cobb angle were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). Above indexes were better in the inverse arch roof breaking and bone graft group than in the simple distraction group. (4) There were significant differences in fracture healing time and life activity function (Barthel index) between the two groups (P < 0.01), and above indexes were better in the inverse arch roof breaking and bone graft group than in the simple distraction group. (5) No deep infection was found in both groups. There were no complications such as internal fixation failure and excessive loss of vertebral height in arch roof breaking and bone graft group. In the simple distraction group, there were 3 cases of screw pull-out because of failed internal fixation, 2 cases of titanium rod breakage, and 10 cases of obvious vertebral height loss. (6) These findings suggest that compared with simple distraction and reduction fixation, inverse arch roof breaking technique combined with pedicle screw and bone graft can provide bony support to compression center of fractured vertebra. The efficacy was identified in reconstructing the height of anterior and middle columns. This method has the advantages of high mechanical strength, strong vertebral height maintenance, high bone healing rate and few complications, which will be the ideal choice in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture.

Key words: thoracolumbar burst fracture, inverse arch roof breaking, transpedicular bone grafting, pedicle screw, fixation, fracture healing, Cobb angle

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