中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 1260-1266.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2473

• 组织构建与生物力学 tissue construction and biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

直线前进变换为侧向跨步切入动作时的下肢生物力学变化

李尚华1,2,王海燕2   

  1. 1天津体育学院,天津市  3016172新乡学院体育学院,河南省新乡市  453003
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-23 修回日期:2019-07-27 接受日期:2019-09-17 出版日期:2020-03-18 发布日期:2020-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 王海燕,教育学硕士,副教授,新乡学院体育学院,河南省新乡市 453003
  • 作者简介:李尚华,男,1979年生,河南省安阳市人,汉族,在读博士,讲师,主要从事足球教学与训练方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY087)

Biomechanics of lower extremities from straight forward to side-step cutting

Li Shanghua1, 2, Wang Haiyan2   

  1. 1Tianjin University of Sports, Tianjin 301617, China; 2College of Physical Education, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-23 Revised:2019-07-27 Accepted:2019-09-17 Online:2020-03-18 Published:2020-01-22
  • Contact: Wang Haiyan, Master, Associate professor, College of Physical Education, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Li Shanghua, Doctoral candidate, Lecturer, Tianjin University of Sports, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Physical Education, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Social Science Fund of China, No. 19BTY087

摘要:

文题释义:
前十字韧带:位于膝关节里面的十字韧带是由纤维所组成,连接着股骨和胫骨,呈交叉状。依其附着于胫骨的部位,分为前十字韧带与后十字韧带,前十字韧带是维持膝关节稳定的重要韧带之一,主要功能在于限制胫骨相对于股骨的前移,限制胫骨内外转,承受膝关节内外翻压力及避免膝关节过度伸直等。
V型切入动作:是篮球、足球等运动中常见的进攻技术,它需要瞬间的减速支撑,并利用下肢各关节缓和冲击,以及快速地改变方向去闪避防守球员。激烈比赛中,从直线前进突然变换方向的切入动作是常见且需要纯熟运用的技巧,但同时也容易增加运动员膝关节伤害风险。

背景:侧向跨步切入动作是运动领域最常见的进攻技术,这显著增加了运动员膝关节受伤的风险,但目前相关侧向跨步动作的生物力学表现策略及下肢关节负荷特征并不十分清楚。

目的:选择大学女子甲组篮球、足球运动员进行侧向跨步切入下肢动作策略,进行生物力学测试,并分析下肢关节的运动学及动力学参数,从而为运动员及教练员预防下肢伤害,尤其是膝关节十字韧带损伤提供重要参考。

方法:选择某高校女子甲组足球及篮球各12名运动员作为研究对象,利用三维测力台及运动图像拍摄系统同步获取其侧向跨步切入动作的相关运动学及动力学参数,并运用SPSS 21.0分析软件对相关数据进行处理分析。该试验方案经天津体育学院伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①足球运动员有较大的着地瞬间踝关节跖屈角度及髋关节外展角度、最大踝关节外翻角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度变化量;②足球运动员有较大的踝关节外旋与髋关节内收力矩峰值,篮球运动员则有较大的踝关节跖屈力矩峰值;③篮球运动员有较小的前后分力制动第一及第二峰值、垂直分力第一峰值及较大的前后分力推蹬力峰值;④结果表明,跨步切入动作过程中,足球运动员习惯于前足着地方式进行急停,进而产生较高的地面反作用力,并增加膝关节屈曲角度进行缓冲,同时有较大的踝关节外翻角度及膝关节内旋角度,而篮球运动员在切入过程中膝关节屈曲角度较少,不利于下肢关节对地面反作用力的缓冲,并进而增加前十字韧带损伤风险。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7451-0236(李尚华)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程


关键词: 直线前进, 侧向跨步, 外翻, 力矩, 内旋, 前十字韧带, 运动学, 动力学, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Side-step cutting is the most common offensive technique in the field of sports that greatly increases the risk of knee injury. However, the biomechanical performance strategies and the characteristics of lower limb joint load during the side-step cutting are not very clear.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the biomechanics test of the side-step cutting in lower limb movement strategy among college female basketball and football players, and to analyze the kinematics and dynamics parameters of the lower limbs, providing an important reference for athletes and trainers to prevent lower limb injuries, especially cruciate ligament injury.

METHODS: Twelve female football and basketball players coming from a university were selected as the experimental subjects. The kinematics and dynamics parameters of the side-step cutting were acquired synchronously by using the three-dimensional dynamometer and the motion image shooting system. The relevant data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. The study protocol was approved by Tianjin University of Sports in China.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Football players had greater ankle metatarsal flexion angle and hip abduction angle, maximum ankle valgus angle, knee flexion and rotation angle with knee flexion and rotation angle changes. (2) Football players had greater peak ankle rotation and hip adduction moment, while basketball players had larger plantar flexion moment. (3) Basketball players have smaller first and second peak values of forward and backward partial braking force, the first peak value of vertical partial braking force and larger peak value of forward and backward partial pushing force. In the process of side-step cutting, football players are accustomed to stop in a sudden way with their forefeet touching, thus producing higher ground reaction force and increasing knee flexion angle to buffer, while having greater ankle valgus angle and knee rotation angle. Basketball players have smaller knee flexion angle in the process of side-step cutting. A smaller angle is not conducive to the lower limb joint to buffer the ground reaction force, and then increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Key words: straight forward, lateral stride, valgus, torque, inward rotation, anterior cruciate ligament, kinematics, dynamics, biomechanics

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