中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (23): 3760-3766.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.23.026

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的治疗进展

黄冠予,彭 昊   

  1. 武汉大学人民医院骨科,湖北省武汉市 430060
  • 出版日期:2017-08-18 发布日期:2017-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 彭昊,博士,教授,武汉大学人民医院骨科,湖北省武汉市 430060
  • 作者简介:黄冠予,男,1991年生,广东省郁南县人,壮族,2015年武汉大学毕业,硕士,主要从事骨与关节方面研究。

Advance in the treatment of senile unstable intertrochanteric fractures

Huang Guan-yu, Peng Hao   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
  • Online:2017-08-18 Published:2017-09-01
  • Contact: Peng Hao, M.D., Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Huang Guan-yu, Master, Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 
文题释义:
不稳定型股骨转子间骨折;根据AO/OTA分型,股骨转子间骨折可分为A1、A2、A3三型,每一型又分为3个亚型,A2-2/3与A3型骨折被定义为不稳定型骨折,内侧皮质破损严重或为逆转子间骨折,此类型骨折生物力学稳定性及预后比稳定型骨折差。
人工髋关节置换;指使用高分子聚乙烯、金属及陶瓷等材料制成的人工关节假体替代患者髋关节,以达到缓解疼痛和恢复髋关节功能的手术。主要分为人工股骨头置换术以及全髋关节置换术两类,两者主要区别在于是否进行髋臼的置换。
 
摘要
背景:随着对于股骨转子间骨折的研究不断深入,股骨转子间骨折的分型也从最初的Evans分型、Boyd-Griffin分型等逐渐发展到Evans-Jensen分型以及AO/OTA分型,其分型类别对临床治疗的指导意义也各有所长。
目的:就高龄患者不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的治疗进展进行综述。
方法:以“Intertrochanteric Fracture”“Intramedullary Nail”“Hip arthroplasty”;“股骨转子间骨折”“髓内钉”“人工髋关节置换术” 为关键词。在PubMed,Web of Science,万方,中国知网等数据库进行检索。共查阅文献1 535篇,通过阅读文献题目及摘要是否与老年患者股骨转子间骨折相关,排除文献1 488篇,最终纳入47篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:股骨转子间骨折的治疗理念从保守的卧床牵引治疗发展到现今的积极手术治疗。随着工业技术及临床水平的不断进步,其内固定物也不断改变。钉板系统由最初的Jewett板、AO/ASIF角度钢板发展到动力髋螺钉。随着髓内固定的提出,Gamma钉、股骨近端髓内钉以及股骨近端防旋髓内钉也相继产生,并在临床上取得良好的疗效。对于高龄不稳定型转子间骨折患者,积极的内固定治疗仍可获得良好疗效,但由于其骨质疏松、骨愈合能力降低或伴有退行性髋关节病变等原因,内固定后的并发症发生率也在不断上升。因此,部分学者提出使用人工髋关节置换治疗高龄患者不稳定型转子间骨折,以期获得快速地术后功能康复、较高的手术成功率以及较低的术后并发症发生率。但对于内固定和人工关节置换的选择仍存在争议。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID:0000-0002-6726-2676(黄冠予)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 转子间骨折, 髓内钉, 人工关节置换术

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With more and more research available, there are different classification systems for intertrochanteric fracture, from Evans and Boyd-Griffin classification to Evans-Jensen and AO/OTA classification, all providing guidance for choosing an appropriate treatment scheme.

OBJECTIVE: To review the advance in the treatment of senile unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang and CNKI databases were searched with the keywords of “intertrochanteric fracture, intramedullary nail, hip arthroplasty” in English and Chinese, respectively. 1 535 literatures were retrieved firstly, and finally 47 articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The therapy conception of intertrochanteric fractures has been changed from conservative traction to early surgical treatment. With the development of technology, the internal fixators have been improved continuously. Screw-plate system has been developed from Jewett plate, AO/ASIF plate to dynamic hip screw. Intramedullary nails such as Gamma, proximal femoral and proximal femoral antirotation nails have been successfully applied in clinic. Senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures also obtain favorable prognosis through active internal fixation, but the high incidence of complications appears because of osteoporosis, osteogenesis deficiency and accompanied by degenerative hip diseases. Thereafter, hip arthroplasty is recommended to treat senile unstable intertrochanteric fractures so as to achieve rapid functional recovery, desired efficacy and low incidence of complications. However, it still remains controversial to choose internal fixation or hip arthroplasty. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Femoral Neck Fractures, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Tissue Engineering

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