中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 929-933.doi: 10.12307/2022.179

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

髓内钉固定老年股骨转子间骨折后输血预测模型的建立

何世平,贾大洲,李小磊,王  强   

  1. 扬州大学临床医学院,江苏省苏北人民医院骨科,江苏省扬州市   225001
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-27 修回日期:2021-04-01 接受日期:2021-04-28 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2021-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 王强,主任医师,博士,扬州大学临床医学院,江苏省苏北人民医院骨科,江苏省扬州市 225001
  • 作者简介:何世平,男,1995年生,四川省会理县人,扬州大学医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节损伤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省医学创新团队课题(CXTDB2017004),项目负责人:李小磊

Establishment of prediction model of blood transfusion after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in elderly adults

He Shiping, Jia Dazhou, Li Xiaolei, Wang Qiang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-27 Revised:2021-04-01 Accepted:2021-04-28 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2021-12-08
  • Contact: Wang Qiang, Chief physician, MD, Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:He Shiping, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Project of Jiangsu Medical Innovation Team, No. CXTDB2017004 (to LXL)

摘要:

文题释义:
股骨近端防旋髓内钉:由主钉、近端螺旋刀片和远端锁定钉组成。它的设计特点使其有较好的防旋转、抗切割等优点,即使对于不稳定型股骨转子间骨折、老年骨质疏松患者也能起到很好的效果。很多研究已证实,股骨近端防旋髓内钉具有固定牢、损伤小、患者早期下地等优点,是目前股骨转子间骨折的主要治疗方式之一。
列线图:作为一种计算图表,是以多因素回归分析为基础,整合多个预测指标,按一定的比例绘制在同一平面上,用来表达预测模型中各个变量之间的相互关系。各变量的评分相加得到总分,总分对应下方该个体结局事件的预测值。

背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉在临床上被广泛用于治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,该治疗方式损伤小且固定牢靠,但围术期的出血量仍较大,术后需要输血的患者比例仍居高不下,一直困扰着骨科医师。
目的:探讨老年股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后输血的相关危险因素,并建立和验证列线图预测模型,为临床上早期识别术后高风险输血患者提供指导。
方法:选择2016年1月至2020年12月在江苏省苏北人民医院创伤骨科因股骨转子间骨折初次行髓内钉固定术的患者,回顾性分析围术期临床资料。根据患者术后是否输血,分为输血组和未输血组,分别进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,以探讨术后输血的独立危险因素,根据多因素结果建立列线图预测模型,并绘制出ROC曲线和校正曲线评价模型的预测性能和一致性。
结果与结论:①366例患者被纳入研究,输血组有142例,术后输血概率为38.8%;②单因素分析显示,年龄、骨折类型、术前血红蛋白、术前白蛋白、受伤至手术时间、麻醉类型、术中出血量与术后输血有关(P < 0.05);③多因素Logistic回归分析显示,骨折类型、术前白蛋白、术前血红蛋白、术中失血量是输血的独立危险因素(P均 < 0.05);④ROC曲线显示该模型预测患者术后有输血风险的曲线下面积为0.95;校准曲线的斜率接近1,表示该模型的区分度和准确度较好;⑤根据多因素Logistic分析结果构建的老年股骨转子间骨折术后输血预测模型,可为临床骨科医师提供科学指导,进一步保障这类患者围术期的安全。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-3853 (何世平) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 输血, 列线图, 危险因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is widely used in the treatment of elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Its surgical injury is small and the fixation is reliable, but the perioperative blood loss is still large. The proportion of patients who need blood transfusion after operation is still high, which has been bothering orthopedic surgeons.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore the related risk factors of blood transfusion after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly, and to establish and verify a nomogram prediction model to provide guidance for early identification of postoperative high-risk blood transfusion patients.
METHODS:  The perioperative clinical data of patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in the Department of Traumatic Orthopedics of Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether the patients received blood transfusion or not, the patients were divided into transfusion group and non-transfusion group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the independent risk factors for postoperative blood transfusion. According to the results of multiple factors, a nomogram prediction model was established, and the ROC curve and calibration curve were drawn to evaluate the prediction performance and consistency.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 366 patients were included in the study, with 142 patients in the transfusion group, and the probability of postoperative blood transfusion was 38.8%. (2) Univariate analysis showed that age, type of fracture, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, time from injury to operation, type of anesthesia and intraoperative blood loss were related to postoperative blood transfusion (P < 0.05). (3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fracture type, preoperative albumin, preoperative hemoglobin and intraoperative blood loss were independent risk factors for blood transfusion (all P < 0.05). (4) The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for predicting the risk of postoperative blood transfusion by the model was 0.95, and the slope of the calibration curve was close to 1, indicating that the model had good differentiation and accuracy. (5) The prediction model of postoperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture based on the results of multivariate Logistic analysis can provide scientific guidance for clinical orthopedic surgeons and further ensure the perioperative safety of such patients.

Key words: femoral intertrochanteric fracture, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, blood transfusion, nomogram, risk factors

中图分类号: