中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (36): 5838-5843.doi: 10.12307/2021.352

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

粉碎性股骨逆转子间骨折一期重建外侧壁:如何提高修复后骨生物力学稳定性

吴钟汉,许新忠,张积森,赵  耀,叶曙明,余水生,孙  健,荆珏华   

  1. 安徽医科大学第二附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市   230000
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-12 修回日期:2021-03-15 接受日期:2021-04-15 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2021-09-18
  • 通讯作者: 荆珏华,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,安徽医科大学第二附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市 230000
  • 作者简介:吴钟汉,男,1997年生,安徽省安庆市人,汉族,安徽医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科、创伤骨科方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2019年度安徽医科大学校科研基金项目(xkj2019131) ,课题名称:超声引导下的难复性股骨颈骨折闭合复位研究,项目负责人:许新忠

One-stage reconstruction of the lateral wall of comminuted reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures: how to improve the biomechanical stability of bone after repair

Wu Zhonghan, Xu Xinzhong, Zhang Jisen, Zhao Yao, Ye Shuming, Yu Shuisheng, Sun Jian, Jing Juehua   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-12 Revised:2021-03-15 Accepted:2021-04-15 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2021-09-18
  • Contact: Jing Juehua, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Wu Zhonghan, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Foundation Program of Anhui Medical University in 2019, No. xkj2019131 (to XXZ)

摘要:


文题释义:

股骨外侧壁:指向股骨头打入内植物的股外侧皮质,其作为股骨近端解剖结构的延续,作用至关重要。完整的股骨外侧壁能够对抗头颈部骨块旋转并阻止股骨干内移,其完整与否是股骨转子间骨折是否需要二次手术的重要预测因素。
粉碎性逆转子间骨折:又称AO分型A3.3型骨折,其骨折线与转子间骨折相反,呈反斜形,经过股外侧皮质。由于骨折线为粉碎性,且伴有外侧壁的破裂,骨折不稳定,治疗难度较大。

背景:进入21世纪以来随着对股骨近端解剖结构认识的不断提高,是否需要一期修复外侧壁成为伴外侧壁损伤的股骨转子间骨折手术需要考虑的问题。
目的:围绕近年来重建粉碎性股骨逆转子间骨折(AO/OTA分型A3.3型骨折)外侧壁常用的手术方式进行综述,对比不同治疗方案的优缺点,展望外侧壁重建治疗的发展方向。
方法:以“A3.3型,粉碎性,逆转子间骨折,外侧壁,内固定手术,修复重建”及“AO/OTA 31-A3.3,comminuted,reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures,lateral wall,internal fixation techniques,repairment and reconstruction”作为关键词,在万方、中国知网、PubMed数据库查阅国内外相关文献,检索时间为2014至2021年,共选取69篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①针对粉碎性股骨逆转子间骨折,单纯髓外固定能够重建外侧壁且防旋性能较好,但软组织剥离较多且生物力学较差;②髓内固定联合髓外固定,同样不可避免地对软组织及血运有所破坏,但生物力学稳定、内固定失效率低、髋关节功能明显提高;③其中以股骨近端防旋髓内钉联合微创经皮钢板内固定为代表的髓内+有限髓外固定,有效降低了联合固定的创伤,综合疗效最佳,也揭示了粉碎性逆转子间骨折手术方式微创化的发展前景。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-5514 (吴钟汉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 逆股骨转子间骨折, A3.3型, 粉碎性, 外侧壁, 内固定, 修复重建, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the 21st century, one-stage repair of the lateral wall has become a problem to be considered in the internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall injury with the continuous improvement of the understanding of the anatomical structure of the proximal femur.
OBJECTIVE: To review common surgical methods for reconstruction of the lateral wall of comminuted reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA classification system: type A3.3 fracture) in recent years, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options, and look forward to the development direction of reestablishment of the lateral wall.
METHODS: The author searched databases including Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed for domestic and foreign relevant articles with key words “type A3.3, comminuted, reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures, lateral wall, internal fixation operation, repairment and reconstruction” in Chinese and English. The search time was from 2014 to 2021 and a total of 69 articles were selected for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) For comminuted reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures, simple extramedullary fixation can reestablish the lateral wall while having a better anti-rotation performance, but brings more soft tissue exfoliations and poorer biomechanical performance. (2) Intramedullary fixation combined with extramedullary fixation inevitably destroys soft tissues and the blood supply, but it has the advantages of maintaining biomechanical stability, the low failure rate, and the significant better effect of improving the function of hip joint than that of simple extramedullary fixation. (3) Among them, the osteosynthesis that proximal femoral nail antirotation combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate represents intramedullary combined with limited extramedullary fixation, and it effectively reduces the trauma of combined fixation and has the best comprehensive curative effect, and also reveals the prospects based on the rationale of minimal invasion.

Key words: reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures, A3.3, comminuted, lateral wall, internal fixation, repairment and reconstruction, review

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