中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (15): 2438-2443.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.15.025

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折:昨天、今天及未来

梁玉柱1,郭洪刚2   

  1. 1天津医科大学,天津市 300070;2天津医科大学总医院,天津市  300052
  • 出版日期:2017-05-28 发布日期:2017-06-07
  • 作者简介:梁玉柱,男,1987年生,河北省文安县人,汉族,天津医科大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨科的研究。

Osteoporotic hip fractures in the elderly: yesterday, today and tomorrow

Liang Yu-zhu1, Guo Hong-gang2   

  1. 1Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; 2the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
  • Online:2017-05-28 Published:2017-06-07
  • About author:Liang Yu-zhu, Studying for master’s degree, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

 

文题释义:
髋部骨折:包括股骨颈骨折和股骨转子间骨折。股骨颈骨折指股骨头下至股骨颈基底部之间的骨折,按骨折部位分为头下部骨折,颈中部骨折和基底部骨折。按骨折及移位程度分为:①GardenⅠ型:不完全骨折,即裂纹骨折;②Garden Ⅱ型:完全骨折,但骨折断端无移位;③GardenⅢ型:完全骨折,部分移位;④GardenⅣ型:完全骨折,移位严重。股骨转子间骨折指股骨颈基底至小转子水平以上的骨折(骨与关节损伤),其骨折按AO分型:①A1:两部分顺转子骨折;②A2:多块顺转子骨折;③A3:反转子骨折。
滑动髋螺钉( sliding hip screw,SHS)固定:滑动髋螺钉的原理是通过螺钉的滑动加压作用使骨折断端保持稳定,临床常用的有动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)和动力髁螺钉(dynamic condylar screw,DCS)。
 
摘要
背景:老年髋部骨折发生率逐年增高,其病残率和致死率高,严重威胁老年人的生命及生存质量。
目的:综述老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的研究进展。
方法:以“骨质疏松、髋部骨折、流行病学”为中文检索词,以“osteoporosis,hip fracture,epidemiology”为英文检索词,应用计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方和PubMed数据库1995年1月至2016年9月的临床及基础研究文献,同时对文章中的参考文献做进一步检索,最终纳入27篇进行分析讨论。
结果与结论:①骨质疏松性髋部骨折与骨密度、股骨近端几何结构、老年人跌倒扭伤密切相关;②对骨质疏松性骨折的预防包括针对骨质疏松危险因素患者的初级预防和针对骨质疏松症患者的二级预防;③股骨颈骨折的手术治疗分为开放复位内固定及闭合复位内固定,人工股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换;④股骨转子间骨折的手术治疗包括滑动髋螺钉固定,股骨近端髓内钉,外固定架固定和人工股骨头置换。⑤髋部骨折的药物治疗包括钙及维生素D类,雌激素类,降钙素和双膦酸盐类。对于不同的患者,要采用不同的治疗方法,科学合理治疗,助于患者的康复。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-2440-4742(梁玉柱)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 骨质疏松, 髋部骨折, 流行病学, 危险因素, 手术治疗, 药物治疗, 综述

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Senile hip fracture is a common disease, and its high disability and lethality severely affect the lifetime and quality of life of the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of senile osteoporotic hip fractures.
METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, CqVip, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for relevant basic research published from January 1995 to September 2016 using the keywords of “osteoporosis, hip fracture, epidemiology” in Chinese and English, respectively. Meanwhile, references in the searched articles were retrieved, finally 27 eligible articles were enrolled for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The occurrence of senile osteoporotic hip fractures is closely related to the bone mineral density, proximal femur geometry, and fall-strain. (2) The preventions of osteoporotic fractures include primary prevention aiming at risk factors for osteoporosis and secondary prevention for osteoporotic patients. (3) The surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture is divided into open/closed reduction and internal fixation, femoral head arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. (4) Sliding hip screw fixation, proximal femoral intramedullary nail, external fixator and femoral head arthroplasty are used to treat intertrochanteric fracture. (5) There are various drugs used for hip fracture, such as calcium, vitamin D, estrogens, calcitonin and bisphosphonates. Indeed, individual treatment contributes to postoperative rehabilitation.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Femoral Neck Fractures, Osteoporosis, Tissue Engineering

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