中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (15): 2320-2324.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.15.005

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

两种股骨假体半髋置换治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

李国威,郭远清,陈 涛,张奎渤,张大卫,于 兵,张荣凯   

  1. 中山大学附属第五医院脊柱外科,广东省珠海市 519001
  • 出版日期:2017-05-28 发布日期:2017-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 张荣凯,副主任医师,中山大学附属第五医院脊柱外科,广东省珠海市 519001
  • 作者简介:李国威,男,1978年生,广东省江门市人,汉族,2013年中山大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科的研究。

Comparison of two kinds of femoral prosthesis for femoral neck fractures in hemiarthroplasty

Li Guo-wei, Guo Yuan-qing, Chen Tao, Zhang Kui-bo, Zhang Da-wei, Yu Bing, Zhang Rong-kai   

  1. Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519001, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2017-05-28 Published:2017-06-07
  • Contact: Zhang Rong-kai, Associate chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519001, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Li Guo-wei, Master, Attending physician, Department of Spine Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519001, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
人工髋关节假体:仿照人体髋关节的结构,将假体柄部插入股骨髓腔内,利用头部与关节臼或假体金属杯形成旋转,实现股骨的曲伸和运动。假体柄分别采用钛合金、钴铬钼合金、超低碳不锈钢材料制造,髋臼采用无毒超高分子聚乙烯制造,金属球头采用钛合金(与钛合金、钴铬钼合金股骨头柄配合)和超低碳不锈钢材料制造。
人工髋关节假体结构:①臼杯:通常是用钛合金或钴铬钼合金制造,植入骨盆腔的髋臼内;②衬垫:包括有聚乙烯、陶瓷、金属等,以做为关节的介面;③球头:接合在股骨柄上,和衬垫做关节介面来活动,一般用陶瓷或金属材料制成。
 
摘要
背景:研究认为单纯股骨头疾病而髋臼侧尚可的患者适合半髋置换,关于采用骨水泥型和非骨水泥型(即生物型)固定方式的适应证选择及近期和远期固定效果、并发症等差异的报道出入较大。
目的:对比分析两种股骨假体半髋置换修复股骨颈骨折的效果及CT三维重建在移位性骨折中的应用。
方法:回顾性分析73例股骨颈骨折全部行人工股骨头置换患者资料,分骨水泥假体组和非骨水泥假体组。并随访1.5年,比较各项手术指标、住院时间、髋关节功能,通过同时检查髋关节X射线片及三维CT,比较与术中所见的符合程度。
结果与结论:①两组患者有效率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②非骨水泥组手术时间少于骨水泥组(P < 0.05);置换中出血量骨、住院天数水泥组少于非骨水泥组且有统计学差异(P < 0.05);③置换后1个月骨水泥组关节Harris 评分高于非骨水泥组(P < 0.05);置换后18个月非骨水泥组关节Harris 评分高于骨水泥组(P < 0.05);置换后3,6,12个月两组评分无明显差异;④2组患者三维重建和术中所见无误差,符合率达100%;⑤结果提示,应综合考虑股骨颈骨折患者年龄、基础疾病、骨条件选择相应类型半髋置换,对于高龄且严重骨质疏松严重能接受手术的患者,建议选择骨水泥型假体;对骨量条件良好者优先考虑非骨水泥型;CT三维重建对移位型骨折诊断准确率及全面认识优于X射线片。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-8049-8878(李国威)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 半髋置换, 骨水泥, 非骨水泥, 股骨颈骨折, 三维重建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that hemiarthroplasty is suitable for single femoral head diseases with normal acetabulum. But indications for choosing bone cement or biological fixation types, short- and long-term efficacy as well as the complications have not yet reached agreement.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the efficacy of two kinds of femoral prosthesis for femoral neck fractures in hemiarthroplasty, and the application of three-dimensional CT reconstruction in displaced fractures.
METHODS: Clinical data of 73 cases of femoral head fractures undergoing hemiarthroplasty were analyzed retrospectively, and divided into bone cement and biological groups. All patients were followed up for 1.5 years, and the operation indexes, hospitalization time and hip joint function were compared; the consistent degree with intraoperative findings was compared through hip three-dimensional CT and X-ray examination simultaneously.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in the effective rate between groups (P > 0.05). (2) The operation time in the biological group was significantly shorter than that in the bone cement group (P < 0.05); the intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time in the bone cement group were significantly less than those in the biological group (P < 0.05). (3) The Harris scores in the bone cement group were significantly higher than those in the biological group at 1 month after replacement (P < 0.05); the Harris scores in the biological group were significantly higher than those in the bone cement group at 18 months after replacement (P < 0.05); while there were no significant differences between two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after replacement. (4) The hip three-dimensional reconstruction and X-ray examination showed no error compared with the intraoperative findings, reaching 100%. (5) Our findings suggest that age, disease history and bone quality should be considered when choosing an appropriate type of hemiarthroplasty for the patients with femoral neck fractures, and bone cement prosthesis is suitable for the elder patients with severe osteoporosis; while those with good bone quality should receive biological prosthesis. Besides, the diagnosis accuracy of three-dimensional reconstruction is superior to X-ray examination, which is conductive to fully understand displaced fractures.
 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Femoral Neck Fractures, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Tissue Engineering

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