中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 1681-1687.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.11.008

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

氨甲环酸减少2型糖尿病患者全膝关节置换出血的安全性及有效性

张 松,张 涛,杨建文,安 敏,唐本森   

  1. 贵州省骨科医院骨外科,贵州省贵阳市  550002
  • 修回日期:2017-01-16 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-05-06
  • 作者简介:张松,男,1969年生,江西省九江市人,汉族,1992年贵州医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事创伤与关节置换方面的研究。

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid on blood loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during total knee arthroplasty  

Zhang Song, Zhang Tao, Yang Jian-wen, An Min, Tang Ben-sen   

  1. Department of Bone Surgery, Guizhou Osteological Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • Revised:2017-01-16 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-05-06
  • About author:Zhang Song, Associate chief physician, Department of Bone Surgery, Guizhou Osteological Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 
文题释义:
全膝关节置换:是目前治疗严重的膝关节骨关节炎、创伤关节炎及类风湿关节炎的一种标准化、常规化的治疗方法。但手术创伤大,加之术中止血带的使用等因素导致纤溶系统异常激活,使得手术出血量多。
氨甲环酸:是一种赖氨酸合成衍生物,具有强效抗纤维蛋白溶解的作用,通过可逆性阻断纤溶酶和纤维蛋白的结合从而达到止血的效果,临床主要用于纤维蛋白溶解亢进所致的各种出血,目前在关节置换术中的应用逐渐成为热点。
 
摘要
背景:全膝关节置换术创伤大,出血量多,多采用氨甲环酸减少出血。合并糖尿病的患者抗感染及组织愈合能力较差,加之可能存在的血管病变,氨甲环酸的应用是否会达到止血的目的且不增加下肢静脉血栓形成的风险,尚无相关文献报道。
目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者全膝关节置换时应用氨甲环酸减少出血的安全及有效性。
方法:选择2013年1月至2015年1月在贵州省骨科医院就诊并接受单侧全膝关节置换治疗的100例合并2型糖尿病的患者,2014年1月以前手术的46例患者为对照组,2014年1月以后手术的54例患者为试验组。试验组将15 mg/kg的氨甲环酸稀释于250 mL氯化钠溶液中在安置假体后松止血带前给予静脉点滴,对照组在相同时间给予250 mL氯化钠溶液静脉点滴。比较2组患者围手术期出血、输血情况、血红蛋白、红细胞比容以及凝血指标水平,并观察下肢深静脉血栓发生情况。
结果与结论:①试验组术后引流量、总出血量、隐性失血量、术后输血量及术后输血率均小于对照组(P < 0.05);②术前2组患者血红蛋白质量浓度和红细胞比容差异无显著性意义;2组患者术后3 h,1 d和3 d的血红蛋白质量浓度及红细胞比容均较术前下降,术后5 d有所回升,但低于术前。试验组在术后相应时间点的血红蛋白质量浓度及红细胞比容均高于对照组(P < 0.05);③2组患者术前、松止血带时、术后3 h、术后1 d、术后5 d 的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原差异无显著性意义。术前、松止血带时2组患者的D-二聚体差异无显著性意义,术后3 h,1 d及后5 d 2组患者的D-二聚体水平均较术前升高,且试验组术后3 h及1 d时小于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),术后5 d时2组D-二聚体水平差异无显著性意义;④术后5 d及术后1个月时2组患者双下肢静脉彩超未见明显下肢深静脉血栓形成;⑤结果提示,2型糖尿病患者全膝关节置换术中在松止血带前按15 mg/kg静脉应用氨甲环酸以减少出血是安全、有效的。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-7727-5809(张松)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 氨甲环酸, 全膝关节置换, 糖尿病, 有效性, 安全性

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid has been used to reduce bleeding after total knee arthroplasty in patients for the reason of big trauma and blood loss. Diabetes mellitus patients may have the poor ability to resist infection and heal tissue and vascular lesions. There are still no relevant literature reports about whether the application of tranexamic acid will achieve hemostasis and does not increase the risk of venous thrombosis of lower limbs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus during total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: One hundred patients with the diagnosis of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected between January 2013 and January 2015. Among all the subjects, 46 patients who received the operation before January 2014 served as the control group and 54 patients who received the operation after January 2014 were selected as the treatment group. Patients in the treatment group received 15 mg/kg tranexamic acid dissolved in 250 mL normal saline by fast intravenous infusion before the end of the operation. The patients in the control group just received 250 mL normal saline. Perioperative bleeding, blood transfusion, hemoglobin, hematocrit and coagulation index level were compared between the two groups, and deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs was observed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The postoperative drainage, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, transfusion volume, and transfusion rate in the treatment group were lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). (2) The levels of hemoglobin and hematokrit in the two groups were not significantly different, but decreased at 3 hours, 1 and 3 days after the surgery, and increased at 5 days postoperatively, but still lower than preoperatively. The levels of hemoglobin and hematokrit in the treatment group were significantly higher than that in the control group at different time points postoperatively (P < 0.05). (3) Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen were not significantly different preoperatively, during tourniquet removal, at 3 hours, 1 and 5 days postoperatively between the two groups. D-dimer levels were not significantly different preoperatively and during tourniquet removal in both groups, but increased at 3 hours, 1 and 5 days postoperatively; moreover, D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). D-dimer levels were not significantly different between the two groups at 5 days after surgery. (4) Deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs was not visible in double lower limb venous ultrasonography in both groups at 5 days and 1 month postoperatively. (5) To decrease the blood loss, intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg of tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty before tourniquet removel is effective and safe in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Blood Loss, Surgical, Tranexamic Acid, Diabetes Mellitus, Tissue Engineering

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