中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 549-553.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.04.017

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

多功能带锁髓内钉和钢板置入内固定修复关节外胫骨创伤性骨折

陈德明,徐晓阳,王 蔚,张 力,常 乐   

  1. 武汉市汉口医院骨科,湖北省武汉市 430312
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-15 出版日期:2016-01-22 发布日期:2016-01-22
  • 作者简介:陈德明,男,1972年生,湖北省云梦县人,1997年武汉大学医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事骨科疾病的治疗。

Extraarticular proximal tibial fractures repaired with multifunctional locking intramedullary nail and locking plate

Chen De-ming, Xu Xiao-yang, Wang Wei, Zhang Li, Chang Le   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430312, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2015-12-15 Online:2016-01-22 Published:2016-01-22
  • About author:Chen De-ming, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430312, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

锁定钢板:优势表现在关节内粉碎性骨折、胫骨粉碎骨折、远端骨折段较短、骨质疏松骨折和假体周围骨折。普通钢板的并发症如畸形愈合、不愈合、内固定失败、感染等在锁定钢板中也发生。另外由于锁定钢板自身角度锁定的原因可能会将螺钉打入关节,还有钢板比较厚,瘦人关节附近易致内固定突出,损伤周围软组织。
髓内钉:具有抗扭转强、感染率低尤其是股骨远端开放性骨折、骨痂生长好等优点。骨质疏松者更推荐使用带锁髓内钉,与传统的内固定物相比,胫骨带锁髓内钉应力摭挡作用小,有利于骨折的愈合和骨强度的改善,远近端交锁后,可以有效的控制骨折端扭转,防止短缩,固定牢固,使骨折有稳定的愈合环境。

 

背景:国内外多数学者认为带锁髓内钉可能更适合于粉碎性且软组织损伤严重的胫骨骨折,而钢板内固定则对于胫骨远端骨折更有优势。

目的:对比关节外胫骨创伤性骨折实施胫骨多功能带锁髓内钉及锁定钢板修复的效果。
方法:纳入156例关节外胫骨创伤性骨折患者,根据内固定修复方案分成髓内钉组和锁定钢板组,每组78例。比较两组患者的疗效,愈合时间等。治疗后3个月采用Johner-Wruh 胫骨干骨折评分评估两组患者的修复效果;另外比较两组手术时间、失血量等术中指标以及骨折愈合时间、并发症发生情况。
结果与结论:锁定钢板组平均骨折愈合时间为9.3个月,髓内钉组为9.2个月。治疗后3个月髓内钉组的修复效果显著优于锁定钢板组(P < 0.05)。另外髓内钉组出血量少,出血时间少(P < 0.05),手术难度较高。治疗后3个月在胫骨内翻/外翻、神经血管损伤、不愈合/感染等方面,髓内钉组的发生率显著低于锁定钢板组(P < 0.05)。提示使用胫骨多功能带锁髓内钉修复关节外胫骨创伤性骨折固定可靠,效果确切,可减少出血量及并发症发生率,优于锁定钢板。 
ORCID: 0000-0003-1616-5814(陈德明)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 关节外胫骨骨折, 创伤性骨折, 带锁髓内钉, 锁定钢板, 内固定

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Many researchers at home and abroad think that interlocking intramedullary nails may be more suitable for comminuted fractures of the tibia with severe soft tissue injury. Plate fixation is more advantageous for distal tibial fractures.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of multifunctional locking intramedullary nail and locking plate in treatment of extraarticular proximal tibial fractures.
METHODS: 156 patients with extraarticular proximal tibial fractures were included and divided into intramedullary nail group (n=78) and the locking plate group (n=78) according to repair method. Curative effects and healing time were compared between the two groups. At 3 months after treatment, Johner-Wruh tibial fracture scores were used to assess the repair effect in both groups. In addition, operation time, blood loss, healing time and complications were compared between the two groups. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mean healing time was 9.3 months in the locking plate group and 9.2 months in the intramedullary nail group. At 3 months after treatment, the repair effect was significantly better in the intramedullary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05). Blood loss and time were less in the intramedullary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05), and surgical difficulty was high. At 3 months after treatment, the incidence rates of tibia eversion/inversion, neurovascular injury and nonunion/infection were significantly lower in the intramedullary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05). These findings confirmed that the multifunctional locking intramedullary nailing for extraarticular proximal tibial fractures obtained reliable efficacy, exact effect, reduced blood loss and low incidence of complications. Thus, it is better than locking plate.