中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 777-784.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.05.003

• 肾移植 kidney transplantation • 上一篇    下一篇

肾移植后吗替麦考酚酯联合低剂量他克莫司加皮质激素的应用

季曙明1,陈江华2,谭建明3,张小东4,朱同玉5,陈立中6,刘志红1   

  1. 1 解放军南京军区南京总医院全军肾脏病研究所,南京大学临床医学院,江苏省南京市  210002
    2 浙江大学医学院第一医院,浙江省杭州市  310012
    3 解放军南京军区福州总医院,福建省福州市  350025
    4 北京朝阳医院,北京市  100020
    5 上海中山医院,上海市  200032
    6 中山大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市  510630
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-29 修回日期:2012-11-09 出版日期:2013-01-29 发布日期:2013-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘志红,中国工程院院士,博士生导师,解放军南京军区南京总医院全军肾脏病研究所,南京大学临床医学院,江苏省南京市 210002 zhihong--liu@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:季曙明,男,1958年生,江苏省泰兴市人,汉族,1983年解放军第二军医大学毕业,主任医师,主要从事肾脏病和肾脏移植研究。jishuming@medmail.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81270834)。

Application of mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid regimen after renal transplantation

Ji Shu-ming1, Chen Jiang-hua2, Tan Jian-ming3, Zhang Xiao-dong4, Zhu Tong-yu5, Chen Li-zhong6,Liu Zhi-hong1   

  1. 1  Research Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
    2  The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
    3  Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou  350025, Fujian Province, China
    4  Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing  100020, China
    5  Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Univsersity, Shanghai  200032, China
    6  The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2012-07-29 Revised:2012-11-09 Online:2013-01-29 Published:2013-01-29
  • Contact: Liu Zhi-hong, Academician, Doctoral supervisor, Research Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China zhihong--liu@hotmail.com
  • About author:Ji Shu-ming, Chief physician, Research Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China jishuming@medmail.com.cn
  • Supported by:

    The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81270834

摘要:

背景:足量吗替麦考酚酯联合低剂量他克莫司和皮质激素可能是目前针对肾移植受者的理想治疗方案,该方案因其具有低肾毒性以及较少的不良反应和较强的免疫抑制作用已在临床上开始逐渐普及。
目的:以吗替麦考酚酯联合标准剂量他克莫司加皮质激素为对照,评估吗替麦考酚酯联合低剂量他克莫司加皮质激素在肾移植患者中的疗效和安全性。
方法:210例首次接受单一器官同种异体移植的肾移植成人受者被随机分配到他克莫司标准剂量组(n=104)和他克莫司低剂量组(n=106),并接受12个月的治疗。主要疗效指标包括肾移植后第12个月慢性移植物损伤指数(CADI)以及肾小球滤过率;次要疗效指标主要包括急性排斥反应发生率、治疗失败率以及患者和移植肾的存活率等;同时对新发移植后糖尿病,新发高血压,新发高血脂等安全性指标进行评价。
结果与结论:两组绝大多数患者使用了足量的吗替麦考酚酯(1.5 g/d及以上)。在他克莫司剂量方面,他克莫司标准剂量组大多数受试者的实际血药浓度水平偏低,与低剂量组的实际血药浓度水平类似,由此反映了吗替麦考酚酯联合低剂量他克莫司和皮质激素方案已广泛为目前临床医师接受和使用。因此,两组也表现出类似的疗效和安全性:他克莫司标准剂量组和低剂量组肾移植后12个月肾脏病理改变的平均CADI评分分别为1.82分和2.13分(P=0.081 3),平均肾小球滤过率分别为77.08 mL/min和       80.12 mL/min(P=0.794 9),急性排斥反应发生率分别为2.6%和5.2%(P=0.681 2),患者和移植肾存活率分别高达100%和99.1%(P=1.000 0)。在安全性方面,他克莫司标准剂量组和低剂量组新发移植后糖尿病的比例分别为2.9%和1.9%,新发高血脂的比例分别为2.9%和3.8%。结果显示在吗替麦考酚酯联合他克莫司和皮质激素的肾移植免疫抑制治疗方案中,足量吗替麦考酚酯的使用,可以减少他克莫司的剂量,在保持较强的免疫抑制作用即成功地降低急性排斥反应发生率的同时,显著减少他克莫司所致的肾毒性、高血脂和新发糖尿病等不良反应,较好地达到了疗效和毒性间的平衡。

关键词: 器官移植, 肾移植, 吗替麦考酚酯, 他克莫司, 低剂量, 标准剂量, 急性排斥反应, 移植肾慢性损伤指数, 移植后糖尿病, 肾小球滤过率, 生存率, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Sufficient dose of mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid regimen may be an ideal treatment option for renal transplant recipients, and the regimen has been widely used in clinic due to its low nephrotoxicity, few adverse reactions and strong immunosuppressive effects.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid regimen in renal transplantation patients with the control of mycophenolate mofetil combined with standard-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid. 
METHODS: A total of 210 patients receiving a single-organ renal allograft were randomly divided into standard-dose tacrolimus group (n=104) and low-dose tacrolimus group (n=106). Individual patients were treated for 12 months. The primary efficacy endpoints were the chronic allograft damage index and glomerular filtration rate at 12 months after transplantation. The secondary efficacy end points mainly included the acute rejection rate, treatment failure rate, and the survival rate of patient and transplant kidney. The safety parameters such as new onset of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were also evaluated. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The vast majorities of patients were administrated with sufficient dose of mycophenolate mofetil (1.5 g/d or above) in two groups. The majority of the patients in standard-dose tacrolimus group had the mean trough level below the protocol-defined, which led to the similar mean trough level between standard-dose and low-dose tacrolimus group. These could also confirm that the regimen of mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid had been wildly accepted and used by clinicians. The efficacy and safety of two groups were similar. The mean chronic allograft damage index of the renal pathological changes at 12 months after transplantation in standard-dose and low-dose tacrolimus group were 1.82 and 2.13 respectively (P=0.081 3), the mean glomerular filtration rates were 77.08 mL/min and 80.12 mL/min (P=0.794 9), acute rejection rates were 2.6% and 5.2% (P=0.681 2), and the survival rates of patients and transplant kidney were 100% and 99.1% (P=1.000 0). The rates of new onset of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in the standard-dose and low-dose tacrolimus group were 2.9% and 1.9%, and the rates of hyperlipidemia were 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. For the regimen of mycophenolate mofetil combined with tacrolimus and corticosteroid, the utilization of sufficient dose of mycophenolate mofetil could reduce the dose of tacrolimus, thereby significantly reducing the nephrotoxicity, hyperlipidemia and new onset of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus caused by tacrolimus and achieving a good balance of efficacy and toxicity when maintaining a strong immune inhibition and reducing the acute rejection incidence successfully.

Key words: organ transplantation, kidney transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, low doses, standard dose, acute rejection, chronic allograft damage index, diabetes after transplantation, glomerular filtration rate, survival rate, National Natural Science Foundation of China

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