| [1] Urist MR. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science. 1965; 150:893.[2] Wozney JM, Rosen V, Celeste AJ,et al. Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities. Science. 1988;242:1528.[3] Bandyopadhyay A, Tsuji K, Cox K,et al. Genetic analysis of the roles of BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 in limb patterning and skeletogenesis.PLoS Genet 2006;2:2116.[4] Barna M, Niswander L. Visualization of cartilage formation: insight into cellular properties of skeletal progenitors and chondrodysplasia syndromes.Dev Cell 2007;12:931.[5] Yoon BS, Ovchinnikov DA, Yoshii I,et al. Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b have overlapping functions and are essential for chondrogenesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:5062.[6] Yoon BS, Pogue R, Ovchinnikov DA, et al.BMPs regulate multiple aspects of growth-plate chondrogenesis through opposing actions on FGF pathways. Development 2006;133:4667.[7] Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Iwamoto M, Mukudai Y,et al. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is required for maintenance of differentiated phenotype, control of proliferation, and hypertrophy in chon-drocytes. J Cell Biol 1998;140:409.[8] Kobayashi T, Lyons KM, McMahon AP, et al. BMP signaling stimu-lates cellular differentiation at multiple steps during cartilage development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:18023[9] Pajni-Underwood S, Wilson CP, Elder C, et al. BMP signals control limb bud interdigital programmed cell death by regulating FGF signal-ing. Development 2007;134:2359.[10] Maatouk DM, Choi KS, Bouldin CM, et al. In the limb AER Bmp2 and Bmp4are required for dorsal-vental patterning and interdigital cell death but not limb outgrowth. Dev Biol 2009;327:516.[11] Settle SH,Rountree RB, Sinha A, et al. Multiple joint and skeletal patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in the mouse Gdf5 and Gdf6 genes. Dev Biol 2003;254:116.[12] Lories RJ,Luyten FP.Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in joint home-ostasis and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005;16:287.[13] Shim J-H, Greenblatt M, Xie M, et al. TAK1 isan essential regulator of BMP signaling in cartilage. EMBO J 2009;28:2028.[14] Kaartinen V, Dudas M, Nagy A,et al. Cardiac outflow tract defects in mice lacking ALK2 in neural crest cells. Development. 2004;131:3481.[15] Shore EM, Xu M, Feldman GJ,et al.A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Nat Genet 2006;38: 525.[16] Retting KN, Song B, Yoon BS,et al. BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad1 and Smad5 is required for endochondral bone formation. Development 2009;136:1093.[17] Devlin RD, Du Z, Pereira RC,et al.Skeletal overexpression of noggin results in osteopenia and reduced bone formation. Endocrinology 2003;144:1972.[18] Wu XB,Li Y,Schneider A,et al. Impaired osteo-blastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis in noggin-overexpressing mice. J Clin Invest 2003;112:924.[19] Rountree RB, Schoor M, Chen H, et al. BMP receptor signaling is required for postnatal maintenance of articular cartilage. PLoS Biol 2004;2:e355.[20] Rendl M, Polak L, Fuchs E. BMP signaling in dermal papilla cells is required for their hair follicle-inductive properties. Genes Dev 2008;15:543.[21] Pan G, Thomson JA. Nanog and transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Cell Res 2007;17:42.[22] Zhang J, Niu C, Ye L, et al. Identification of the hematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size. Nature 2003; 425:836.[23] Edgar CM, Chakravarthy V, Barnes G, et al.Autogenous regulation of a network of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) mediates the osteogenic differentiation in murine marrow stromal cells. Bone 2007;40:1389.[24] Solmesky LJ, Abekasis M, Bulvik S, et al. BMP signaling is involved in human mesenchymal stem cell survival in serum free medium. Stem Cell Dev2009;5:499.[25] Tsuji K, Bandyopadhyay A, Harfe BD, et al. BMP2 activity, although dispensable for bone formation, is required for the initiation of fracture healing. Nat Genet 2006;38:1424.[26] Burr DB. Targeted and nontargeted remodeling. Bone 2002; 30:2.[27] Zhao M, Ko SY, Liu JH, et al. Inhibition of microtubule assembly in osteoblasts stimulates bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression and bone formation through transcription factor Gli2. Mol Cell Biol2009;29:1291. [28] Rodda SJ, McMahon AP. Distinct roles for hedgehog and canonical Wnt signaling in specification, differentiation and maintenance of osteoblast pro-genitors. Development.2006; 133:3231. [29] Mbalaviele G, Sheikh S, Stains JP,et al. Beta-catenin and BMP-2 synergize to promote osteoblast differentiation and new boneformation.JCellBiochem2005;94:403. [30] Chen Y, Whetstone HC, Youn A,et al.b-cateninsignaling pathway is crucial for bone morphogenetic protein 2 to induce new boneformation.JBiolChem2007;282:526. [31] Krishnan V, Bryant HU, MacDougald OA. Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling.JClinInvest2011;116:1202. [32] Li Z, Hassan M, Volinia S,et al. A microRNAsignature for BMP2-induced osteobalst lineage commitment program. PNAS. 2008;105:13906.[33] Fuentealba LC, Eivers E, Ikeda A, et al. Integrat-ing patterning signals: Wnt/GSK3 regulates the duration of the BMP/Smad1 signal. Cel.2010;131:980.[34] Chandler RL, Chandler KJ, McFarland KA, et al. Bmp2 transcription in osteoblast progenitors is regulated by a distant 30 enhancer located 156.3 kilobases from the promoter. Mol Cell Biol.2007;27:2934. |
