中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 773-779.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1915

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

身体活动对海马体可塑性和认知功能的影响

陈艳林1,徐  琳2,徐盛嘉3   

  1. 1河海大学体育系,江苏省南京市  210098;2南京体育学院运动健康科学系,江苏省南京市  210014;3中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事运动科学研究中心,江苏省南京市  211101

  • 收稿日期:2019-04-19 修回日期:2019-04-29 接受日期:2019-06-22 出版日期:2020-02-18 发布日期:2020-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 徐盛嘉,男,硕士,讲师,中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事运动科学研究中心,江苏省南京市 211101
  • 作者简介:陈艳林,男,1974年生,江苏省新沂市人,汉族,2002年南京体育学院毕业,讲师,主要从事运动训练研究。
  • 基金资助:
    解放军理工大学预先研究基金(KYJYZLXY1902-36);江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科技创新计划项目(SJKY19-1604)

Effects of physical activity on hippocampal plasticity and cognition

Chen Yanlin1, Xu Lin2, Xu Shengjia3   

  1. 1Department of Sports, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Exercise and Heath, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; 3the Research Center of Military Exercise Science, the Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2019-04-19 Revised:2019-04-29 Accepted:2019-06-22 Online:2020-02-18 Published:2020-01-10
  • Contact: Xu Shengjia, Master, Lecturer, the Research Center of Military Exercise Science, the Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Chen Yanlin, Lecturer, Department of Sports, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Advanced Research Foundation of PLA University of Science and Technology, No. KYJYZLXY1902-36; the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Academic Degree Graduates in Jiangsu Province, No. SJKY19-1604

摘要:

文题释义:
海马体:位于丘脑和内侧颞叶之间,属于边缘系统的一部分,主要发挥存储转换长时记忆和定向等功能。
身体活动:指骨骼肌产生的需要消耗能量的任何身体动作,其类型、频率、持续时间和强度各不相同,包括与生活方式相关的活动和有计划、有组织的体育锻炼等。

背景:身体活动作为一种实用模型,可以从各个方面来研究运动与大脑健康之间的关联,从而更清楚地认识运动对大脑的促进作用,特别是身体活动对海马体结构和功能的改变。

目的:综述身体活动与海马体和认知方面的研究,并提出目前研究和实际应用方面许多亟待解决的问题。

方法:以“Physical activity,Exercise,Hippocampal,Cognition,Neuroplasticity,Adaptive,Mechanisms”为检索词,检索PubMed数据库1995至2019年发表的相关文章,文献检索语种限制为英文。纳入身体活动和海马、认知调节机制和应用方面的相关内容。

结果与结论:计算机初检得到142篇文献,排除无关和重复的文献,保留89篇进行综述。海马体齿状回具有神经再生的能力。规律性身体活动对身体和大脑健康产生深远的影响,运动可促进海马体齿状回的神经再生,可增加两三倍,此类神经主要发生在齿状回背侧。此外,运动对神经元的成熟、形态和连接性等特性的改变也十分重要,并能改变新神经元的整合通路,增加传入新生神经元和传入细胞突触的数量。海马体齿状回的神经再生与运动诱导的多种因素有关,新生神经元的发育和整合需要多个神经递质的参与,而运动可通过调节兴奋性和抑制性神经递质,促进海马体突触可塑性的变化;运动诱导的血清脑源性神经营养因子水平升高则可减缓海马体体积的变化;运动的持续时间和强度可差异性地调节脑血流量,进而影响神经元活动,而长期运动后血管内皮生长因子的过表达,则可促进海马体的血管增殖,增加海马体的神经发生。此外,运动也可改变成人新生神经元的突触可塑性和连接网络,增强成人新生神经元与现有海马-内嗅通路的整合。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8476-2771(陈艳林)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程


关键词: 身体活动, 海马体, 神经元可塑性, 认知, 机制

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: As a practical model, physical activity can study the relationship between exercise and brain health in various ways, so as to better understand the promotion of exercise to the brain. In particular, how physical activity changes the structure and function of the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To review the researches on the physical activity, hippocampus and cognition, and to put forward the problems that need to be solved in current practice and research application.

METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved for relevant studies published from 1995 to 2019. The keywords were “physical activity, exercise, hippocampus, cognition, neuroplasticity, adaptive, mechanisms” in English. The articles about the practical application and regulation mechanism for physical activity, hippocampus and cognition were included.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 142 collected articles were searched firstly, the irrelevant and repetitive articles were excluded, and finally 89 eligible articles were included. The hippocampal dentate gyrus has the ability to regenerate nerves. Regular physical activity has a profound effect on the health of the body and brain, and can promote the nerve regeneration of hippocampus dentate gyrus, which can be increased by 2-3 times. This type of nerve mainly occurs in the dorsal side of dentate gyrus. In addition, exercise is also important for changes in neuronal maturation, morphology, and connectivity, and can alter the integration pathways of new neurons and increase the number of incoming neonatal and afferent cell synapses. The nerve regeneration of dentate gyrus is related to various factors induced by exercise. Exercise can promote changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity by regulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Exercise-induced increase in serum brain derived neurotrophic factor levels may reduce hippocampal volume changes. The duration and intensity of exercise can differentially regulate cerebral blood flow, which in turn affect neuronal activity. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor after long-term exercise can promote the proliferation of hippocampus and increase the hippocampal neurogenesis. Besides, exercise can also alter the synaptic plasticity and connectivity of adult newborn neurons, enhancing the integration of adult newborn neurons with existing hippocampal-enveloping pathways.

Key words: physical activity, hippocampus, neuroplasticity, cognition, mechanisms

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