中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (28): 4440-4445.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1329

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

半髋关节置换和股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗高龄患者髋部骨折的风险评估

左思力
  

  1. 郑州市骨科医院,河南省郑州市  450052
  • 出版日期:2019-10-08 发布日期:2019-10-08
  • 作者简介:左思力,男,1985年生,四川省金堂县人,汉族,2012年昆明医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事关节修复方面的研究。

Risk assessment of hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation of proximal femoral nail antirotation for treating hip fractures in older adults

Zuo Sili
  

  1. Zhengzhou Orthopaedics Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • Online:2019-10-08 Published:2019-10-08
  • About author:Zuo Sili, Master, Zhengzhou Orthopaedics Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
股骨转子间骨折:常见于老年人,由于转子部血运丰富,骨折后极少不愈合,但甚易发生髋内翻。
股骨颈骨折:发生骨折有2个基本因素,骨质疏松骨强度下降,加之股骨颈上区滋养血管孔密布,均可使股骨颈生物力学结构削弱,使股骨颈脆弱。另外因老年人髋周肌群退变,反应迟钝,不能有效地抵消髋部有害应力,加之髋部受到应力较大(体质量的2-6倍),局部应力复杂多变,因此不需要多大的暴力,如平地滑倒、由床上跌下或下肢突然扭转,甚至在无明显外伤的情况下都可以发生骨折。
 
摘要
背景:髋部骨折修复方式包括人工关节置换和股骨近端防旋髓内钉置入。Portsmouth死亡率和并发症发病率的生理学和手术严重程度评分系统(P-POSSU)是否能应用于骨科患者的术前风险评估其价值尚值得研究。
目的:应用P-POSSUM评分系统比较不同植入物治疗老年髋部骨折的术前预测与实际病死率,探索P-POSSUM评分系统的临床应用价值。
方法:通过病案室查找到郑州市骨科医院2016年1月至2017年1月收治70岁以上老年髋部骨折且经过手术治疗的患者病历共166例,根据内植物分为2组,其中半髋关节置换组85例股骨颈骨折患者全部行半髋关节置换(双极人工股骨头置换),股骨近端防旋髓内钉组81例股骨转子间骨折病例全部行闭合复位股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。先计算出166例髋部骨折患者的总病死率,再分别计算出2组患者的实际病死率,然后通过用P-POSSUM评分系统算出总体患者及2组患者的预测病死率,对计算所得实际数据与预测数据进行对比分析。
结果与结论:①70岁以上老年髋部骨折患者总体样本共166例(含12例死亡患者)的实际病死率为7.2%,P-POSSUM预测的病死率为5.4%;②半髋关节置换组85例患者(死亡4例)实际病死率为4.7%,通过P-POSSUM计算预测病死率为3.5%;③股骨近端防旋髓内钉组81例(死亡8例)患者实际病死率为9.9%,通过P-POSSUM计算预测病死率为6.2%;④以上实际病死率与P-POSSUM系统预测病死率进行统计学分析,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤证实P-POSSUM系统可以客观有效的预测高龄老年髋部骨折行半髋关节置换及股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者的手术风险。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2102-6707(左思力)

关键词: P-POSSUM评分系统, 股骨颈骨折, 股骨转子间骨折, 半髋关节置换, 双极人工股骨头置换, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 实际病死率, 预计病死率

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Methods of hip fracture repair include arthroplasty and proximal femoral nail antirotation placement. Whether Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity is feasible for risk assessment before bone surgeries needs to be investigated.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the preoperative prediction and actual mortality in senile hip fracture treated with different implants based on Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity, so as to explore the clinical application value of the scoring system.
METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six cases of hip fractures with the age of above 70 years admitted in the Zhengzhou Orthopaedics Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were collected, and assigned into hemiarthroplasty group (bipolar artificial femoral head replacement, n=85, femoral neck fracture), and proximal femoral nail antirotation group (n=81, intertrochanteric fracture). All patients signed the informed consents, and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. The total mortality rate of 166 patients was calculated, and then the actual mortality rate in the two groups was calculated. The predictive mortality rate of all patients and two groups was calculated by Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity system. The actual and predictive data were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The actual mortality rate of 166 patients (including 12 cases of death) was 7.2%, and the predictive mortality rate was 5.4%. (2) The actual mortality rate in the hemiarthroplasty group (totally 85 cases, 4 cases of death) was 4.7%, and the predictive mortality rate was 3.5%. (3) The actual mortality rate in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (totally 81 cases, 8 cases of death) was 9.9%, and the predictive mortality rate was 6.2%. (4) There was no significant difference in the actual mortality rate and predictive mortality rate (P > 0.05). (5) In summary, Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score system for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity system can objectively and effectively predict the risk of the older adults with hip fractures undergoing hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation of proximal femoral nail antirotation.

Key words: Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score system, femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, bipolar artificial femoral head replacement, proximal femoral nail antirotation, actual case mortality rate, predictive mortality rate

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