中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (28): 4446-4450.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1451

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

老年股骨颈骨折半髋置换围术期依诺肝素的应用

陈  研1,段建伟1,张  猛2   

  1. 1北京市健宫医院,北京市  100000;2承德医学院附属医院,河北省承德市  067000
  • 出版日期:2019-10-08 发布日期:2019-10-08
  • 作者简介:陈研,男,1980年生,北京市人,汉族,2003年首都医科大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科及骨科相关并发症的研究。

Application of enoxaparin to perioperative period of hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in the older adults

Chen Yan1, Duan Jianwei1, Zhang Meng2
  

  1. 1Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing 100000, China; 2Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Online:2019-10-08 Published:2019-10-08
  • About author:Chen Yan, Attending physician, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing 100000, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:
 
  
  
文题释义:
依诺肝素:依诺肝素是低分子量肝素,主要通过对抗Xa及Ⅱa因子活性达到抗凝的药物作用,目前临床上常规应用依诺肝素4 000 IU皮下注射,1次/d,预防老年髋部骨折术后并发下肢深静脉血栓。相比其他抗凝药(普通肝素、维生K、华法林),依诺肝素具备以下明显优点:安全性高,不需检测凝血指标;抗凝血因Xa作用强,对凝血酶及其他凝血因子影响较小;半衰期长,每天给药1次即可;不良反应少,由抗凝导致的器官内出血少见的优点。
利伐沙班:是一种新型口服抗凝药物,具有高选择性,直接抑制凝血因子Xa活性。给药后2-4 h血药浓度达到峰值,半衰期为4-6 h,具有治疗窗广、生物利用度高、药代动力学稳定、有效性高等优点。
 
摘要
背景:静脉血栓形成是老年髋部骨折患者围术期较严重的并发症,需选取一种有效的干预方案降低其风险。
目的:对比老年股骨颈骨折行半髋关节置换围术期应用依诺肝素及利伐沙班对术中出血及术后深静脉血栓形成的影响。
方法:纳入北京市健宫医院骨科2016年1月至2018年1月收治的年龄65周岁以上股骨颈骨折患者共95例,随机分为2组,对照组43例于围术期卧床制动期间利伐沙班1次/d口服,术日停药1次;试验组52例于围术期卧床制动期间依诺肝素1次/d皮下注射,手术前12 h停用。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。比较2组术中出血量,术后出血量、围术期显性及隐性失血量、术后出血发生率以及术后深静脉血栓发病率。
结果与结论:①2组术中出血量、术后出血量、围术期显性出血量、术后出血发生率以及术后深静脉血栓发病率差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②但试验组围术期隐性失血量小于对照组(P < 0.05);③提示依诺肝素在股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换围术期应用是安全可靠的,相比于利伐沙班,依诺肝素可减少围术期隐性失血量。

ORCID: 0000-0003-3553-1058(陈研)

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 半髋关节置换, 围术期出血, 依诺肝素, 利伐沙班, 静脉血栓形成

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Venous thrombosis is a serious perioperative complication in elderly patients with hip fracture. It is necessary to select an effective intervention program to reduce its risk.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of enoxaparin and rivaroxaban on intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative deep venous thrombosis during perioperative period of hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.
METHODS: A total of 95 patients with femoral neck fractures aged 65 years and older were enrolled in the Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jiangong Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018. These patients were assigned to two groups. Patients in the control group (n=43) were orally administered rivaroxaban once a day during the perioperative bed rest, and the drug was discontinued once on the operation day. Patients in the trial group (n=52) were given a subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin during the perioperative bed rest, and the drug was stopped 12 hours before the operation. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, perioperative dominant and occult blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate and incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in the amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, perioperative dominant blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate, and incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) However, the perioperative occult blood loss in the trial group was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) It is suggested that enoxaparin is safe and reliable in the perioperative period of hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. Compared with rivaroxaban, enoxaparin can reduce the occult blood loss during the perioperative period.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, hemiarthroplasty, perioperative bleeding, enoxaparin, rivaroxaban, deep vein thrombosis

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