中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 917-923.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2453

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨转子间骨折不同外侧壁分型的内固定治疗策略

郭天庆,薛  飞,冯  卫   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010000
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-14 修回日期:2019-05-25 接受日期:2019-07-06 出版日期:2020-02-28 发布日期:2020-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 冯卫,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院环骨盆科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010000
  • 作者简介:郭天庆,男,1992年生,内蒙古自治区乌兰浩特市人,汉族,内蒙古医科大学骨外科在读硕士,主要从事环骨盆研究。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ14143)

Internal fixation strategies for different lateral wall types of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur

Guo Tianqing, Xue Fei, Feng Wei   

  1. Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2019-05-14 Revised:2019-05-25 Accepted:2019-07-06 Online:2020-02-28 Published:2020-01-18
  • Contact: Feng Wei, Chief physician, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Guo Tianqing, Master candidate, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific Research Project of Institutions of Higher Learning in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. NJZZ14143

摘要:

文题释义:
外侧壁:股骨转子外侧壁,简称外侧壁,其概念最早是在2004年由以色列医生Gotfried提出。解剖上外侧壁的范围:上至股骨外侧肌嵴,与大转子相接,下至小转子中点平面。股外侧肌嵴以远的股骨近端外侧皮质(即外侧壁)作为影响稳定的重要因素,是内固定物进入股骨头的部位。因此外侧壁作为股骨转子部的解剖标志具有重要的存在意义。
内置物:是断骨内或外面将断骨连接固定起来的金属螺钉、钢板、髓内针、钢丝或骨板等物。在进行股骨转子间骨折复位固定手术时,主要采用动力髋螺钉、经皮加压接骨板、股骨近端解剖锁定钢板、股骨近端锁定加压钢板、倒置微创内固定系统钢板等髓外固定系统,以及Gamma钉、股骨近端髓内钉、股骨近端防旋髓内钉、亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉、股骨近端联合加压交锁髓内钉系统、股骨近端可膨胀髓内钉等髓内固定系统。

背景:股骨转子外侧壁在股骨转子间骨折中的重要性受到越来越多的重视,对外侧壁的分型进行研究对临床手术的指导意义逐渐成为热点问题。

目的:综述股骨转子间骨折不同外侧壁分型的治疗策略,以及内置物的选择优劣,为以后的临床研究提供参考与帮助。

方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索万方、知网中文数据库,检索词为“股骨粗隆间骨折;股骨转子间骨折;股骨粗隆外侧壁;骨折分型;骨折固定术,内;内置物;髓内固定;髓外固定;并发症;老年人;预后”。同时检索PubMed英文数据库,检索词为“Intertrochanteric fracture of femur;lateral wall of femoral trochanter;fracture classification;fracture fixation,internal;implant;intramedullary fixation;extramedullary fixation;complications;elderly;prognosis”。检索时限为2009年5月到2019年5月。共检索到文献数量为166篇,根据纳入标准及排除标准,最终选择47篇文献作为研究对象并进行综述。

结果与结论:①在手术治疗股骨转子间骨折的过程中,髓内固定系统与髓外固定系统各有其优势与不足,充分分析股骨转子外侧壁分型并做好合理的术前评估,将理论与实践相结合,积极把控手术指征、正确评估骨折严重程度及判断预后,对患者的治疗效果及预后有很大的帮助;②根据患者的经济条件及身体素质制定出不同的治疗方案,是医生的基本素质也是对患者负责任的态度,“个体化”已经成为未来发展趋势;③股骨转子间骨折的治疗仍然存在较多争议,未来需要更多的临床研究及数据支持来解决与完善。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2452-7822(郭天庆)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 外侧壁, 髓内固定, 髓外固定, 动力髋螺钉, 股骨近端防旋髓内钉, 股骨近端锁定钢板, 大转子稳定板, 经皮加压钢板

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The importance of the lateral wall of the femoral trochanter in the intertrochanteric fracture has been paid more and more attention. The research on the classification of the external wall in guiding clinical operation has become a hot issue.

OBJECTIVE: To review the treatment strategies of different lateral wall types of intertrochanteric fractures, and the selection of the built-in materials, provide reference and help for future clinical research.

METHODS: The first author searched the Chinese database of Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure with the keywords of “intertrochanteric fracture of femur; lateral wall of femoral trochanter; fracture classification; fracture fixation, internal; implant; intramedullary fixation; extramedullary fixation; complications; elderly; prognosis”. Meanwhile, PubMed English database was retrieved with the keywords “intertrochanteric fracture of femur; lateral wall of femoral trochanter; fracture classification; fracture fixation, internal; implant; intramedullary fixation; extramedullary fixation; complications; elderly; prognosis”. The retrieval time was from May 2009 to May 2019. A total of 166 literatures were retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 literatures were selected as the research object and summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur, intramedullary fixation system and extramedullary fixation system have their own advantages and disadvantages. After full analysis of lateral femoral trochanter wall classification and reasonable preoperative evaluation, it is a combination of theory and practice. Signing, correctly assessing the severity of fractures and judging the prognosis, and fully preoperative evaluation can greatly help the patient’s treatment effect and prognosis. (2) It is a basic quality of doctors and a responsible attitude towards patients to formulate different treatment plans according to their economic conditions and physical qualities. “Individualization” has become the future development trend. (3) There are still many disputes in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. More clinical research and data support are needed in the future to solve and improve it. 

Key words:  intertrochanteric fracture, external wall, intramedullary fixation, extramedullary fixation, dynamic hip screw, proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail, proximal femoral locking plate, large trochanter stabilization plate, percutaneous compression plate

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