中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (18): 2817-2821.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1155

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换中采用测量截骨与间隙平衡技术的对比分析

吴建明,胡  伟,刘向阳,赵  晖   

  1. 安徽省亳州市人民医院骨科,安徽省亳州市  236800
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-14 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 吴建明,安徽省亳州市人民医院骨科,安徽省亳州市 236800
  • 作者简介:吴建明,男,1979年生,安徽省亳州市人,汉族,副主任医师。

Measuring osteotomy versus gap balance in total knee arthroplasty

Wu Jianming, Hu Wei, Liu Xiangyang, Zhao Hui
  

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Bozhou People’s Hospital, Bozhou 236800, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2018-12-14 Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-06-28
  • Contact: Wu Jianming, Department of Orthopedics, Bozhou People’s Hospital, Bozhou 236800, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Wu Jianming, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Bozhou People’s Hospital, Bozhou 236800, Anhui Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
文题释义:
全膝关节置换:是指对严重膝骨关节病变患者截骨后,植入全膝关节假体的一种术式。该术式能够改善患者的膝关节功能,缓解膝骨关节疼痛,纠正膝关节畸形,提高生活质量。全膝关节置换是目前临床用于治疗膝关节炎,膝关节疼痛、畸形、不稳等病变的主流术式。大部分患者在接受全膝关节置换后,膝前痛、膝关节活动功能均会得到有效改善。

间隙平衡:是指在人工全膝关节置换中应用间隙平衡法截骨,截骨顺序是:先截取胫骨骨量,后截取股骨远端骨量。适当松解软组织后使间隙维持良好的平衡状态,然后再利用相应的器械完成股骨截骨。间隙平衡技术能保证膝关节内外侧及屈伸间隙平衡,确保假体安装位置理想。

 

背景:全膝关节置换多用来治疗膝骨关节病变,术中截骨方法主要有测量截骨技术与间隙平衡技术,通过合理截骨能确保假体植入的稳定性,提升预后效果。
目的:对全膝关节置换患者采用测量截骨与间隙平衡技术的临床疗效指标进行统计分析。
方法:76例原发性骨关节炎病例资料收集时间为2015年5月至2016年10月,按手术方法分为对照组与试验组,每组均38例,其中对照组术中采用测量截骨技术,试验组采用间隙平衡技术,对两组术中指标及置换后1年的预后效果进行比较分析。
结果与结论:置换后3 d,采用间隙平衡技术的试验组股骨远端截骨量明显多于采用测量截骨技术的对照组,聚乙烯衬垫厚度大于对照组(P < 0.05)。置换后3 d,试验组较对照组膝关节稳定性及屈膝90°股胫角改善更佳(P < 0.05);置换后3 d,对照组与试验组下肢力量与小腿解剖轴线夹角的优良率分别为47%及61%(P > 0.05)。随访期间两组均未见假体松动病例,其他不良反应亦无比较差异(P > 0.05)。随访1年后试验组目测类比评分、WOMAC疼痛评分显著降低,KSS功能明显提高(P < 0.05)。结果证实,间隙平衡技术用于全膝关节置换患者时,临床症状指标及预后改善较测量截骨组更加明显。

关键词: 膝关节病变, 全膝关节置换, 测量截骨, 间隙平衡, 假体, 截骨量, 疼痛评分, 聚乙烯衬垫, 小腿解剖轴线

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty is often used to treat knee joint diseases. The intraoperative osteotomy mainly measures osteotomy and gap balance technology, which can ensure the stability of prosthesis implantation and improve the prognosis by reasonable osteotomy.
OBJECTIVE: To statistically analyze the clinical efficacy of the osteotomy and gap balance technique in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Data of 76 cases of primary osteoarthritis from May 2015 to October 2016 were collected. The patients were divided into control and trial groups (n=38/group). The control group used the measurement osteotomy technique, and the trial group used the gap balance technique to compare the surgical indexes and prognostic effects at 1 year postoperatively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The femoral distal osteotomy and thickness of polyethylene liner in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group at postoperative 3 days (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the knee joint stability and knee flexion 90° femoral angle were improved better in the trial group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate of the lower limb strength and the anatomical axis of the lower leg in the control and trial groups was 47% and 61%, respectively (P > 0.05). There was no case of loosening of the prosthesis in the two groups during the follow-up, and there were no significant differences in other complications (P > 0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the Visual Analogue Scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores in the trial group were significantly decreased, and the Knee Society Score function was significantly improved (P < 0.05). These results imply that the gap balance technique used in total knee arthroplasty, can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis.

Key words: knee joint diseases, total knee arthroplasty, osteotomy measurement, gap balance, prosthesis;, osteotomy volume, Visual Analogue Scale, polyethylene liner, anatomical axis of the lower leg

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