中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (12): 1936-1942.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1131

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物力学背景下物理疗法的研究与进展

姜 勇1,郑益丽2,徐盛嘉3   

  1. 1江苏警官学院警体部,江苏省南京市 210031;2南京体育学院运动健康科学系,江苏省南京市 210014;3中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事运动科学研究中心,江苏省南京市 211101
  • 出版日期:2019-04-28 发布日期:2019-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐盛嘉,硕士,助教,中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事运动科学研究中心,江苏省南京市 211101
  • 作者简介:姜勇,女,1979年生,汉族,硕士,讲师,主要从事警察体育教学与训练的研究。

Research and advances of physical therapy based on biomechanics

Jiang Yong1, Zheng Yili2, Xu Shengjia3   

  1. 1Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Exercise and Heath, Nanjing Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Research Center of Military Physical Training, the PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2019-04-28 Published:2019-04-28
  • Contact: Xu Shengjia, Master, Assistant lecturer, Research Center of Military Physical Training, the PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Yong, Master, Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 

 

文题释义:
生物力学:是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题定量研究的学科,其研究范围从生物整体到系统、器官(包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等),从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。生物力学的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律并加上描写物性的本构方程,研究的重点是与生理学、医学有关的力学问题,依研究对象的不同可分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。
机械刺激:细胞将机械刺激转化为电信号或生物化学信号并最终引起细胞生理反应的过程,包括压力、拉力、剪切力等刺激。
 
摘要
背景:针对性的物理治疗可以综合有效地调节细胞行为与相应组织的适应过程。但目前尚未建立起相对完善的运动生物力学、物理疗法以及随后的细胞与组织机械适应三者之间的联系。
目的:归纳总结物理疗法的机制:从器官到细胞水平的机械转导,以及细胞外基质的形成与器官的重塑/构建。
方法:以“mechanobiology,mechanotherapy,mechanotransduction,mechanical stimuli,biomechanical,physical therapy,exercise therapy,manual therapy,rehabilitation,tissue engineering,tissue regeneration”为检索词,检索PubMed和MEDLINE数据库,时限为1994至2018年,语言限制为英文。
结果与结论:①初检得到142篇文献,排除内容无关或重复的文献,保留57篇进行综述;②通过物理疗法,机械刺激可以促进组织结构的适应与重建,且其在生理水平上是可调控的;③通过诱导特定部位的机械转导和生物力学反应的发生,物理治疗可加速愈合和康复进程;④通过制定个性化的物理治疗方案,包括运动疗法、手法松动术与其他物理刺激形式(关节负重,动态水压刺激等),以促进干细胞动员、迁移、干细胞靶向谱系,加快组织发生,最佳化重建,使愈合组织恢复或超过自身原有的机械应力。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-2309-1227(姜勇)

关键词: 物理疗法, 康复, 运动疗法, 生物力学, 机械转导, 人类健康与疾病, 组织结构重建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Effect of physical therapy can implicate its integral effect in modulating cellular behavior and subsequent tissue adaptation. The relationship between movement biomechanics, physical therapy, and subsequent cellular and tissue mechanoadaptation is not well established in the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism of physical therapy: mechanical transduction from organ to cell and extracellular matrix formation and organ remodeling/construction.
METHODS: The relevant articles were searched in PubMed and MEDLINE database from 1994 to 2018. The keywords were “mechanobiology, mechanotherapy, mechanotransduction, mechanical stimuli, biomechanical, physical therapy, exercise therapy, manual therapy, rehabilitation, tissue engineering, tissue regeneration” in English.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 142 articles were searched, and 57 eligible articles were enrolled after excluding the repetitive and irrelevant articles. (2) Mechanical stimuli can be controlled at physiological levels that encourage and stimulate constructive tissue adaptation and remodeling through physical therapy. (3) By directing loading regimens to specific sites, and having an understanding of the mechanotransduction and mechanobiological response, physical therapy can promote healing and rehabilitation. (4) Exercise therapies, manual mobilization and other physical stimulation modes (joint loading and dynamic hydraulic stimulation) used in physical therapy may be tailored to facilitate the recruitment, migration and targeted lineage commitment of stem cells, to expedite tissue regeneration, and optimal remodeling such that healed tissues meet or exceed their native mechanical strength.

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Physical Therapy, Biomechanics, Rehabilitation

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